Ted Sorensen on the Kennedy Style of Speech-Writing

Ted Sorensen on the Kennedy Style of Speech-Writing In his last book, Counselor: A Life at the Edge of History (2008), Ted Sorensen offered an expectation: I have little uncertainty that, when my opportunity arrives, my eulogy in the New York Times (incorrect spelling my last name by and by) will be inscribed: Theodore Sorenson, Kennedy Speechwriter. On November 1, 2010, the Times got the spelling right: Theodore C. Sorensen, 82, Kennedy Counselor, Dies. What's more, however Sorensen served as ​a advisor and modify inner self to John F. Kennedy from January 1953 to November 22, 1963, Kennedy Speechwriter was in fact his characterizing job. An alum of the University of Nebraskas graduate school, Sorensen showed up in Washington, D.C. incredibly green, as he later conceded. I had no administrative experience, no political experience. Id never composed a discourse. Id scarcely been out of Nebraska. In any case, Sorensen was before long approached to help compose Senator Kennedys Pulitzer Prize-winning book Profiles in Courage (1955). He went on to co-creator probably the most significant presidential discourses of the only remaining century, including Kennedys debut address, the Ich container ein Berliner discourse, and the American University initiation address on harmony. In spite of the fact that most history specialists concur that Sorensen was the essential creator of these smooth and persuasive addresses, Sorensen himself kept up that Kennedy was the genuine creator. As he said to Robert Schlesinger, If a man in a high office expresses words which pass on his standards and strategies and thoughts and hes ready to remain behind them and assume whatever fault or in this manner acknowledge go for them, [the discourse is] his (White House Ghosts: Presidents and Their Speechwriters, 2008). In Kennedy, a book distributed two years after the presidents death, Sorensen illuminated a portion of the particular characteristics of the Kennedy style of discourse composing. Youd be unable to locate a progressively reasonable rundown of tips for speakers. While our own speeches may not be very as earth shattering as a presidents, a large number of Kennedys expository techniques merit copying, paying little heed to the event or the size of the crowd. So whenever you address your associates or cohorts from the front of the room, remember these standards. The Kennedy Style of Speech-Writing The Kennedy style of discourse writingour style, I am not hesitant to state, for he never imagined that he had the opportunity to plan first drafts for all his speechesevolved bit by bit throughout the years. . . .We were not aware of following the detailed strategies later credited to these discourses by abstract examiners. Neither of us had any extraordinary preparing in sythesis, etymology or semantics. Our main rule was consistently crowd understanding and solace, and this implied: (1) short addresses, short conditions and short words, at every possible opportunity; (2) a progression of focuses or suggestions in numbered or legitimate arrangement any place proper; and (3) the development of sentences, expressions and passages in such a way as to streamline, explain and emphasize.The trial of a book was not how it appeared to the eye, yet how it sounded to the ear. His best passages, when perused out loud, regularly had a rhythm much the same as clear verseindeed now and again cat chphrases would rhyme. He was enamored with alliterative sentences, not exclusively for reasons of talk yet to fortify the crowds memory of his thinking. Sentences started, anyway inaccurate some may have respected it, with And or But at whatever point that improved and abbreviated the content. His regular utilization of runs was of far fetched linguistic standingbut it streamlined the conveyance and even the distribution of a discourse in a way no comma, bracket or semicolon could match.Words were viewed as devices of exactness, to be picked and applied with a craftsmans care to whatever the circumstance required. He jumped at the chance to be careful. Yet, on the off chance that the circumstance required a specific dubiousness, he would intentionally pick an expression of shifting translations as opposed to cover his imprecision in cumbersome prose.For he hated verbosity and vainglory in his own comments as much as he loathed them in others. He needed the two his message and his l anguage to be plain and straightforward, yet never disparaging. He needed his significant arrangement explanations to be certain, particular and distinct, staying away from the utilization of propose, maybe and potential choices for thought. Simultaneously, his accentuation on a course of reasonrejecting the limits of either sidehelped produce the equal development and utilization of stands out from which he later got recognized. He had a soft spot for one superfluous expression: The brutal realities of the issue are . . .in any case, with scarcely any different exemptions his sentences were lean and fresh. . . .He utilized practically no slang, vernacular, legalistic terms, compressions, clichã ©s, expand analogies or elaborate metaphors. He would not be folksy or to incorporate any expression or picture he thought about silly, boring or trite. He infrequently utilized words he thought about worn out: unassuming, dynamic, heavenly. He utilized none of the standard word fillers (e. g., And I state to you that is a real issue and here is my answer). What's more, he didn't spare a moment to withdraw from exacting principles of English utilization when he thought adherence to them (e.g., Our plan are long) would grind on the audience members ear.No discourse was more than 20 to 30 minutes in length. They were very short and excessively swarmed with realities to allow any abundance of simplifications and nostalgias. His writings squandered no words and his conveyance squandered no time.(Theodore C. Sorensen, Kennedy. Harper Row, 1965. Reproduced in 2009 as Kennedy: The Classic Biography) To the individuals who question the estimation of talk, excusing every single political discourses as insignificant words or style over substance, Sorensen had an answer. Kennedys talk when he was president ended up being a key to his prosperity, he told a questioner in 2008. His minor words about Soviet atomic rockets in Cuba helped resolve the most noticeably awful emergency the world has ever known without the U.S. discharging a shot. So also, in a New York Times opinion piece distributed two months before his demise, Sorensen countered a few fantasies about the Kennedy-Nixon discusses, including the view that it was style over substance, with Kennedy winning on conveyance and looks. In the main discussion, Sorensen contended, there was undeniably more substance and subtlety than in what currently goes for political discussion in our inexorably popularized, sound-chomp Twitter-fied culture, in which radical talk expects presidents to react to over the top cases. To get familiar with the talk and rhetoric of John Kennedy and Ted Sorensen, view Thurston Clarkes Ask Not: The Inauguration of John F. Kennedy and the Speech That Changed America, distributed by Henry Holt in 2004 and now accessible in a Penguin soft cover.

Creationism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Essay

The huge job of schools in instructing the number of inhabitants in understudies is one approach to ensure that the general public will have a brilliant future. Be that as it may, in the cases wherein unseemly training strategies are utilized, this fantasy might be undermined. An unmistakable model is the educating of creationism. Creationism is a point of view that recognizes a specific preeminent being to be the fundamental culprit of the presence of the universe, including mankind (Ruse, 2007). There is a recognizable gathering of individuals who principally has faith in this thought. Also, due to that partisan acknowledgment, some time ago schools turned into a subject of expectation in engendering this thought. In an a lot more prominent sense, creationism ought to never be instructed in schools essentially as a result of the bargaining impacts it will bring towards the trim of the understudies. The theme is a lot of focused towards the way of thinking of an individual and don't give any huge learning quality. This is in direct differentiation to the strategic the school to give just the sort of learning strategies dependent on precise, believable and logically detailed parts of information. Creationism will in general be of strict in nature. It generally hinders the characteristic progression of logical procedure to get familiar with the perceptible and sensible method of nature. Subsequently, it is truly conceivable that understudies may get confounded about their own discernment about the universe and every little thing about it. They may leave the pre-states of logical information for a more obvious idea of creationism. In addition, there might be cases in which a few understudies may feel denied of their privileges to accept what they need to as per their individual methods of reasoning throughout everyday life. Creationism is a one-sided type of conviction which just bases its belief system to an individual instinct. References Ruse, M. 2007. Creationism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Recovered January 14, 2008 from http://plato. stanford. edu/sections/creationism/.

Best Regards and Other Phrases You Should Never Use to Sign Your Email

Best Regards and Other Phrases You Should Never Use to Sign Your Email Email communication is everywhere. From emails sent for marketing purposes to those sent as communication between friends.Although emails between friends are not as common as business emails, they offer an opportunity to be updated on the other person’s life.From when they started being used, emails have become popular and are nowadays used for nearly every formal communication.With this widespread use, there has been a need to develop guidelines on how best to write emails. There are those methods taught in school many years ago.Then there are those learned in the “real” world.Regardless of the differences, there are things which remain standard.And just like rules, these are expected to be followed so as to ensure the communication is effective.Email Sign-OffsEverything that has a beginning has an end. This applies to emails too.As you begin an email with an appropriate salutation, so are you expected to end it accordingly.When it comes to emails, closing is more than a mere “goodbye” moment. More than just indicating the end of your email, your closing paints a picture. It is the last word in the communication you send.Remember that as opposed to a face-to-face conversation, email communication is mostly one-way until a reply is received.It is similar to the old walkie talkies which passed information only in one direction at a time.The recipient of the message would have to digest what had been said then respond if required to.But walkie talkies were a bit faster in the sense that you would be speaking to someone almost in real time. Emails rarely function like this.Unless the other person is replying immediately, there would be a delay in time. Possibly hours, days or even weeks.With that in mind, it is important that the last word you say wraps up your message in the right way.EMAIL CLOSINGS TO AVOIDIt is wise to look at how you should handle this portion of your communication.Below we look at some of the email closings which are not suited for business communication.More than that, after the list is a sample of alternatives you can use.Best RegardsThis email closing is one of the most commonly used.Whereas its popularity makes it an easy winner, questions may arise from its usage.First of all, the word regards is used for salutation. Yes, it is used for greetings.This noun has several meanings. Take a look at Merriam-Webster’s dictionary and you will get the picture. Meaning 4 part b(2) says that this word is used to show friendliness in greetings.Now, think about it. You have just written an email and you obviously greeted the intended recipient. Whether you used words like Dear sir or madam, Hello or Hi, why would you want to do it again?To make it worse, at the end of your email?And that’s not all, the regards you are giving are apparently the best.Really?RgdsThose who use this say it is the short form of Regards.But this is simply going too far with the desire to shorten words. It is too much of an attempt to shor ten a word which is already short.This particular one makes very little sense if any.An easy way to tell between a correct shortening and a wrong one is to read it aloud.For example, there are names like Beth coming from Elizabeth and Mike shortened from Michael.Read these aloud and you will agree that they make sense.But read Rgds aloud. How do you pronounce that?If you are emailing your buddy and this is the kind of words you two use, that is fine. However, keep in mind that this is not for formal communication like that done in business emails.If you ended your email with this and it was your first communication with someone serious, you might be seen as lazy.Too lazy to type out three letters to make the word complete.  ThanksThis is a word used to show gratitude. Using it means you are appreciating what someone has done for you.In most cases, it is a favor done for you. You either asked for it or the person just saw it fit to do you a favor. Or maybe they just did more than you expected of them.You are therefore thanking them.If you have written an email for the sole reason of thanking someone for something, then this is okay. But if that is not the case, don’t use it.Using it might send the wrong message. The recipient might wonder what you are thanking them for.Since email writing is not the same as text writing, the person will certainly make a conclusion.This conclusion would be what will stick as an opinion about you or your business.Thanks againThis is another version of the above closing. But there is something about it.Not only are you thanking the person you are emailing, you are doing it again.Just as in the example above, if there is something you are thanking the person for, that’s okay. If not, you are better off using a different closing.The word again indicates some emphasis. It indicates that although you have thanked the person, you see the need to do it again.Did he do something very big to deserve being thanked a couple of times? If so, go ahead. If not, delete the word and use an alternative.On the downside, this closing can work against you in a big way. Keep in mind that your closing has to be aligned to the content of your email.Let us say you are sending a sales pitch to a prospect you have been following up on.Then in your closing, you use any of the sign-offs from the Thanks category. This could be seen as a covert way of trying to get the prospect to buy.All sales communication is meant to persuade someone to buy. But when you do this, you are trying too hard to sell.The question is, are you a good salesman or a desperate one?SincerelyThis is a completely no-no for business emails.As much as the word seems to be portraying a good character trait, it is the wrong one to use.Yes, sincerity may point to integrity but this is not the right way to show your integrity.Do you remember when you wrote your cover letter? How did you end it?Yes, sincerely is the appropriate closing for a cover letter. It is very formal and is used when making applications.If you are not applying for a job, don’t use this closing.Cheers“Here’s to our continued friendship,” you say. In agreement, the other person says “cheers” as he raises his glass.That’s right. This word is used to mark a celebration.As a closing however, it is used when emailing friends. But this is not for everyone.Cheers is used by the British to end conversations.As such, can be used between two people of British origin.If you don’t fall into this category, don’t use the word.CiaoThis is a real closing, only that it is foreign to the English world.It is used in Italian circles and is very common among Italians.But as it happens, it’s usually easy and probably even fun to adapt new words into English.Especially when those words feel or sound good.If you are emailing an Italian whom you are friends with, you can close like this. If not, then drop the word.TTYL/TTYSFirst things first, what do these initials mean?TTYL †" Talk To You Later.TTYS â€" Talk To You Soon.There are some basic rules which apply to writing business emails and general official communication. One of them is that you should always avoid contractions and abbreviations.These tend to make the communication become too informal.Some abbreviations are also not very common. Others have multiple meanings.This is why it is just best to avoid them.Moreover, these sound pretty immature for the business world.These are not suited at all for email writing. They are only good for texting close friends or when ending a chat message.TAFNAs with the abbreviations above this one, this is not ideal for email communication.TAFN â€" That’s All For Now.In all practical sense, abbreviations cannot even gain much popularity among email writers.The context for which they are used demand a total departure from grammar and other formal communication rules.That is why they will most likely be used only in text chats.If they were to be used in emails, t hen the nature of the email communication would drastically change. There would be no grammar rules to be enforced. Only a liberal use of “new” words.Looking Forward to Hearing from YouThis is a common one especially when you are expecting some form of response from the person you are emailing. Whereas it may not sound or feel wrong, there is still a problem with it.The fact that you are expecting feedback is okay, but reminding the person that you are expecting it is not okay.When you use this closing, you are indirectly putting pressure on the recipient to reply to your email.This sign-off has the psychological effect of making the recipient feel guilty if they don’t respond.There can however be an exception.In most cases, this is used when making certain types of applications or requests.If you are doing so and the recipient is an organization receiving applications from people unknown to it, you can use it.But if the email is to a prospect you haven’t met in person, forg et it.You need to have discussed your product and gotten an assurance that there is a possibility of being considered.If you did this, then the sign off would be fine.It will serve to remind the prospect of your meeting or conversation and the reason for your writing. Speak With You SoonThis is similar to the one above only that it puts the pressure on you.You are actually putting pressure on yourself and committing to follow up on the communication you have initiated.It is important to understand the nature of true and effective communication.The other person must receive your message and understand it. He is also supposed to respond before you say more to him.With the pressure on you, are you aware that you might forget to speak with him soon?When you commit yourself like this, you will most likely give the other person a license to be passive.They can choose to remain quiet awaiting your follow-up mail.Who loses?More SoonSimilar to speak with you soon only that in this case you a re actually making an even bigger commitment.This is similar to when you are tasked with carrying out a feasibility study. You deliver a report but then promise to give a more comprehensive one later.When is later? No-one really knows. Not even you.At least because you didn’t specify the duration.If this is academic work, are you expecting to proceed to the next level?As far as your words of more soon are concerned, the job you did is incomplete. You shouldn’t have submitted it in the first place.The same applies to your email ending with this closing.What you are saying is that you did not give all the information required. More will be coming soon.As a result, you should not expect any reply, unless it’s a one-worded reply like “Okay.”Make sure you send the additional information soon.XOXOThis is a terrible one to use.Never in a business setup should this appear. Not only is it informal but it’s also completely inappropriate.The meaning of these four letters will show you why.According to Urban Dictionary, these letters mean hugs and kisses.Is this what you are writing to your boss, a colleague, or a customer?What if they asked you, “Who exactly are you hugging and kissing?”Unless you are emailing someone you are intimate with, avoid this completely.No matter how good your friendship is, this is no way to end your email. Some people are good to relate with in a casual sense.But if you misinterpret that to mean you can get this far with them, it might come across as disrespectful.Once the label is on you, there will no longer be any goodwill for a mutually-beneficial relationship.Ending With Your First InitialThis is a weird one. So weird that it’s actually confusing.Let’s say your first initial is the letter A. If this is the last thing written in your email, on its own line, what exactly is to be thought of it?The one reading your email may conclude that it’s a sign-off, but who is the sender?America? Antelope? Anaconda?There are many guesses and they can get really wild. You don’t want to leave it to people to guess your name. The results may not be funny. Furthermore, are you really expecting some relationship to build.For the sake of clarity, even if your name makes part of your email address, take the time to type it out properly. Don’t use your initials.Ending With Your NameIf you think that this is better than closing with your first initial, you are wrong.Yes, you have typed out your name in full, but couldn’t you type in something else to show some courtesy?Finishing your email with your name only is rather cold. It’s intimidating.Are you intending to make your recipient intimidated? Unless you are a mean boss. More of a dictator.In that case, be assured that you are losing a lot. The people you are working with are not giving you their best, regardless of what you think.Also, you could have many other opportunities to link with great people but your demeanor is pushing them away.You should learn how to relate with people and increase your chances of living a better life.Ending With No Sign-OffLike ending with your name, this is equally bad.This is not, and it cannot be understood as, a way of showing that you are in a hurry.This is simply rude.As if that is not enough, have you finished your message?It’s not clear because there is no closing in your email.The email closing is a part of the communication. It indicates that the message has come to an end.Otherwise it will not be known whether you sent the email unintentionally before finishing the writing.This could indicate that you were not keen when drafting the email.Something that could mean you don’t value the recipient.RECOMMENDED EMAIL CLOSINGS TO USEWith all the above email closings being problematic, here are some examples which you could comfortably use.These are applicable in various situations as mentioned.All the same, there is always the issue of considering the relationship between you and the email recipi ent.Some of the above sign-offs may not be the best but in a particular setting, you might be able to use them.Here are the recommended ways to sign your email.BestThis simple closing is used by many people. The main reason is that it is short enough to be typed quickly without losing meaning.As you would agree, writing Best is way better than Rgds in any setting. Unless it’s very informal.At the same time, when compared with Best Regards, the removal of the second word makes it cleaner. It also feels more open as opposed to tying it to some regards.Hope This HelpsThis is best for those instances when you are providing someone with some information. It may be an inquiry or some other form of request made to you.You will often have sourced for the information, i.e. if it’s not something you are currently aware of. Having put in efforts to give as much and relevant information as possible, you then close with this.Something else about this is that it allows the recipient to reques t for more information. Or to seek some clarification.Being open to more communication, especially when you are being helpful to others, builds stronger relationships. You get to be seen in good light.I Can’t Thank You EnoughThere will always be an opportunity to appreciate someone for something they have done. As mentioned about the sign-off Thanks, make sure you are thanking someone for something.This one in particular seems to be going deeper.You are essentially expressing your gratitude from your heart. And to recognize that your words aren’t enough, you show that your appreciation of them is really sincere.In view of that, this might be better preserved for situations where whatever has been done for you is quite big. Otherwise it might come off as exaggerated. With AppreciationThis closing is very appropriate for “small” favors. If you asked someone to do something that is not very far from their duties, you can thank them using this.Nevertheless, it can be used in mor e ways than that.For example, you might be in need of something that can only be provided by someone.When making the request, you can utilize this instead of the more common Looking forward to… family of sign-offs.Just note that this one is very formal.As such, it might be best for people you respect a lot, even though you may be at the same level or rank.Enjoy Your [Day of the Week]This is good for those emails which are not very serious.If you have developed a rapport with the other person, then this one is okay. It has a formal angle to it but isn’t too stiff to be reserved only for serious business.If the day of the week is Friday, this can be a very good way of ending your email. It automatically gets the person thinking of the weekend. It also creates a joyful atmosphere as it lightens them up.Have a Great DayFor the good wishes and an alternative way of going about it, this is a great one. It is also time-tested though isn’t a cliché.It is general in nature so it doesn ’t go overboard like the initials TGIF (Thanks God It’s Friday) would. It is short, straight to the point and does what it’s supposed to doâ€"signify the end of the email.SIGNING YOUR EMAILS CREATIVELYObviously, these are not the only options. Just as some people came up with common closings and created a standard, so can you also come up with something unique.In your creativity though, you have to be careful.The business world is largely reserved. It is also a serious one. Unless you are in the art industry, your creativity may not be appreciated by all.To get you started, here are some examples.Have a Fantastic MondayTo many, this might be an oxymoron since very few people expect Monday to be a fantastic day. But when you wish someone a fantastic Monday, they might actually experience it.First, this closing strikes them as odd but they soon catch the subtle humor in it. As such, it can easily get into their memory and they will remember it.Psychologically speaking, this will make the recipient’s mind want to experience a fantastic day. As such, It will seek to create the environment for the experience.Hope Your Week’s Off to a Good StartThis is another uncommon one.Actually, this is something that people say to one another in face-to-face and phone conversations. And it can be used in emails too.It indicates a genuine hope that things are going in the right direction.Saw That It’ll Be [Hot/Cold] in [Receiver’s City] â€" Stay [Cool/Warm]This is a sure way of personalizing your email. It shows that you are either thinking about the recipient or you are just well informed.But more than that, you wish them comfort.For more examples like these, check out this link and stir up your mind for better ways of ending your emails.CONCLUSIONThough no list can be complete, this can work as a guide.Apart from the recommended closings, exercise your creativity and sign your emails better.

Best Regards and Other Phrases You Should Never Use to Sign Your Email

Best Regards and Other Phrases You Should Never Use to Sign Your Email Email communication is everywhere. From emails sent for marketing purposes to those sent as communication between friends.Although emails between friends are not as common as business emails, they offer an opportunity to be updated on the other person’s life.From when they started being used, emails have become popular and are nowadays used for nearly every formal communication.With this widespread use, there has been a need to develop guidelines on how best to write emails. There are those methods taught in school many years ago.Then there are those learned in the “real” world.Regardless of the differences, there are things which remain standard.And just like rules, these are expected to be followed so as to ensure the communication is effective.Email Sign-OffsEverything that has a beginning has an end. This applies to emails too.As you begin an email with an appropriate salutation, so are you expected to end it accordingly.When it comes to emails, closing is more than a mere “goodbye” moment. More than just indicating the end of your email, your closing paints a picture. It is the last word in the communication you send.Remember that as opposed to a face-to-face conversation, email communication is mostly one-way until a reply is received.It is similar to the old walkie talkies which passed information only in one direction at a time.The recipient of the message would have to digest what had been said then respond if required to.But walkie talkies were a bit faster in the sense that you would be speaking to someone almost in real time. Emails rarely function like this.Unless the other person is replying immediately, there would be a delay in time. Possibly hours, days or even weeks.With that in mind, it is important that the last word you say wraps up your message in the right way.EMAIL CLOSINGS TO AVOIDIt is wise to look at how you should handle this portion of your communication.Below we look at some of the email closings which are not suited for business communication.More than that, after the list is a sample of alternatives you can use.Best RegardsThis email closing is one of the most commonly used.Whereas its popularity makes it an easy winner, questions may arise from its usage.First of all, the word regards is used for salutation. Yes, it is used for greetings.This noun has several meanings. Take a look at Merriam-Webster’s dictionary and you will get the picture. Meaning 4 part b(2) says that this word is used to show friendliness in greetings.Now, think about it. You have just written an email and you obviously greeted the intended recipient. Whether you used words like Dear sir or madam, Hello or Hi, why would you want to do it again?To make it worse, at the end of your email?And that’s not all, the regards you are giving are apparently the best.Really?RgdsThose who use this say it is the short form of Regards.But this is simply going too far with the desire to shorten words. It is too much of an attempt to shor ten a word which is already short.This particular one makes very little sense if any.An easy way to tell between a correct shortening and a wrong one is to read it aloud.For example, there are names like Beth coming from Elizabeth and Mike shortened from Michael.Read these aloud and you will agree that they make sense.But read Rgds aloud. How do you pronounce that?If you are emailing your buddy and this is the kind of words you two use, that is fine. However, keep in mind that this is not for formal communication like that done in business emails.If you ended your email with this and it was your first communication with someone serious, you might be seen as lazy.Too lazy to type out three letters to make the word complete.  ThanksThis is a word used to show gratitude. Using it means you are appreciating what someone has done for you.In most cases, it is a favor done for you. You either asked for it or the person just saw it fit to do you a favor. Or maybe they just did more than you expected of them.You are therefore thanking them.If you have written an email for the sole reason of thanking someone for something, then this is okay. But if that is not the case, don’t use it.Using it might send the wrong message. The recipient might wonder what you are thanking them for.Since email writing is not the same as text writing, the person will certainly make a conclusion.This conclusion would be what will stick as an opinion about you or your business.Thanks againThis is another version of the above closing. But there is something about it.Not only are you thanking the person you are emailing, you are doing it again.Just as in the example above, if there is something you are thanking the person for, that’s okay. If not, you are better off using a different closing.The word again indicates some emphasis. It indicates that although you have thanked the person, you see the need to do it again.Did he do something very big to deserve being thanked a couple of times? If so, go ahead. If not, delete the word and use an alternative.On the downside, this closing can work against you in a big way. Keep in mind that your closing has to be aligned to the content of your email.Let us say you are sending a sales pitch to a prospect you have been following up on.Then in your closing, you use any of the sign-offs from the Thanks category. This could be seen as a covert way of trying to get the prospect to buy.All sales communication is meant to persuade someone to buy. But when you do this, you are trying too hard to sell.The question is, are you a good salesman or a desperate one?SincerelyThis is a completely no-no for business emails.As much as the word seems to be portraying a good character trait, it is the wrong one to use.Yes, sincerity may point to integrity but this is not the right way to show your integrity.Do you remember when you wrote your cover letter? How did you end it?Yes, sincerely is the appropriate closing for a cover letter. It is very formal and is used when making applications.If you are not applying for a job, don’t use this closing.Cheers“Here’s to our continued friendship,” you say. In agreement, the other person says “cheers” as he raises his glass.That’s right. This word is used to mark a celebration.As a closing however, it is used when emailing friends. But this is not for everyone.Cheers is used by the British to end conversations.As such, can be used between two people of British origin.If you don’t fall into this category, don’t use the word.CiaoThis is a real closing, only that it is foreign to the English world.It is used in Italian circles and is very common among Italians.But as it happens, it’s usually easy and probably even fun to adapt new words into English.Especially when those words feel or sound good.If you are emailing an Italian whom you are friends with, you can close like this. If not, then drop the word.TTYL/TTYSFirst things first, what do these initials mean?TTYL †" Talk To You Later.TTYS â€" Talk To You Soon.There are some basic rules which apply to writing business emails and general official communication. One of them is that you should always avoid contractions and abbreviations.These tend to make the communication become too informal.Some abbreviations are also not very common. Others have multiple meanings.This is why it is just best to avoid them.Moreover, these sound pretty immature for the business world.These are not suited at all for email writing. They are only good for texting close friends or when ending a chat message.TAFNAs with the abbreviations above this one, this is not ideal for email communication.TAFN â€" That’s All For Now.In all practical sense, abbreviations cannot even gain much popularity among email writers.The context for which they are used demand a total departure from grammar and other formal communication rules.That is why they will most likely be used only in text chats.If they were to be used in emails, t hen the nature of the email communication would drastically change. There would be no grammar rules to be enforced. Only a liberal use of “new” words.Looking Forward to Hearing from YouThis is a common one especially when you are expecting some form of response from the person you are emailing. Whereas it may not sound or feel wrong, there is still a problem with it.The fact that you are expecting feedback is okay, but reminding the person that you are expecting it is not okay.When you use this closing, you are indirectly putting pressure on the recipient to reply to your email.This sign-off has the psychological effect of making the recipient feel guilty if they don’t respond.There can however be an exception.In most cases, this is used when making certain types of applications or requests.If you are doing so and the recipient is an organization receiving applications from people unknown to it, you can use it.But if the email is to a prospect you haven’t met in person, forg et it.You need to have discussed your product and gotten an assurance that there is a possibility of being considered.If you did this, then the sign off would be fine.It will serve to remind the prospect of your meeting or conversation and the reason for your writing. Speak With You SoonThis is similar to the one above only that it puts the pressure on you.You are actually putting pressure on yourself and committing to follow up on the communication you have initiated.It is important to understand the nature of true and effective communication.The other person must receive your message and understand it. He is also supposed to respond before you say more to him.With the pressure on you, are you aware that you might forget to speak with him soon?When you commit yourself like this, you will most likely give the other person a license to be passive.They can choose to remain quiet awaiting your follow-up mail.Who loses?More SoonSimilar to speak with you soon only that in this case you a re actually making an even bigger commitment.This is similar to when you are tasked with carrying out a feasibility study. You deliver a report but then promise to give a more comprehensive one later.When is later? No-one really knows. Not even you.At least because you didn’t specify the duration.If this is academic work, are you expecting to proceed to the next level?As far as your words of more soon are concerned, the job you did is incomplete. You shouldn’t have submitted it in the first place.The same applies to your email ending with this closing.What you are saying is that you did not give all the information required. More will be coming soon.As a result, you should not expect any reply, unless it’s a one-worded reply like “Okay.”Make sure you send the additional information soon.XOXOThis is a terrible one to use.Never in a business setup should this appear. Not only is it informal but it’s also completely inappropriate.The meaning of these four letters will show you why.According to Urban Dictionary, these letters mean hugs and kisses.Is this what you are writing to your boss, a colleague, or a customer?What if they asked you, “Who exactly are you hugging and kissing?”Unless you are emailing someone you are intimate with, avoid this completely.No matter how good your friendship is, this is no way to end your email. Some people are good to relate with in a casual sense.But if you misinterpret that to mean you can get this far with them, it might come across as disrespectful.Once the label is on you, there will no longer be any goodwill for a mutually-beneficial relationship.Ending With Your First InitialThis is a weird one. So weird that it’s actually confusing.Let’s say your first initial is the letter A. If this is the last thing written in your email, on its own line, what exactly is to be thought of it?The one reading your email may conclude that it’s a sign-off, but who is the sender?America? Antelope? Anaconda?There are many guesses and they can get really wild. You don’t want to leave it to people to guess your name. The results may not be funny. Furthermore, are you really expecting some relationship to build.For the sake of clarity, even if your name makes part of your email address, take the time to type it out properly. Don’t use your initials.Ending With Your NameIf you think that this is better than closing with your first initial, you are wrong.Yes, you have typed out your name in full, but couldn’t you type in something else to show some courtesy?Finishing your email with your name only is rather cold. It’s intimidating.Are you intending to make your recipient intimidated? Unless you are a mean boss. More of a dictator.In that case, be assured that you are losing a lot. The people you are working with are not giving you their best, regardless of what you think.Also, you could have many other opportunities to link with great people but your demeanor is pushing them away.You should learn how to relate with people and increase your chances of living a better life.Ending With No Sign-OffLike ending with your name, this is equally bad.This is not, and it cannot be understood as, a way of showing that you are in a hurry.This is simply rude.As if that is not enough, have you finished your message?It’s not clear because there is no closing in your email.The email closing is a part of the communication. It indicates that the message has come to an end.Otherwise it will not be known whether you sent the email unintentionally before finishing the writing.This could indicate that you were not keen when drafting the email.Something that could mean you don’t value the recipient.RECOMMENDED EMAIL CLOSINGS TO USEWith all the above email closings being problematic, here are some examples which you could comfortably use.These are applicable in various situations as mentioned.All the same, there is always the issue of considering the relationship between you and the email recipi ent.Some of the above sign-offs may not be the best but in a particular setting, you might be able to use them.Here are the recommended ways to sign your email.BestThis simple closing is used by many people. The main reason is that it is short enough to be typed quickly without losing meaning.As you would agree, writing Best is way better than Rgds in any setting. Unless it’s very informal.At the same time, when compared with Best Regards, the removal of the second word makes it cleaner. It also feels more open as opposed to tying it to some regards.Hope This HelpsThis is best for those instances when you are providing someone with some information. It may be an inquiry or some other form of request made to you.You will often have sourced for the information, i.e. if it’s not something you are currently aware of. Having put in efforts to give as much and relevant information as possible, you then close with this.Something else about this is that it allows the recipient to reques t for more information. Or to seek some clarification.Being open to more communication, especially when you are being helpful to others, builds stronger relationships. You get to be seen in good light.I Can’t Thank You EnoughThere will always be an opportunity to appreciate someone for something they have done. As mentioned about the sign-off Thanks, make sure you are thanking someone for something.This one in particular seems to be going deeper.You are essentially expressing your gratitude from your heart. And to recognize that your words aren’t enough, you show that your appreciation of them is really sincere.In view of that, this might be better preserved for situations where whatever has been done for you is quite big. Otherwise it might come off as exaggerated. With AppreciationThis closing is very appropriate for “small” favors. If you asked someone to do something that is not very far from their duties, you can thank them using this.Nevertheless, it can be used in mor e ways than that.For example, you might be in need of something that can only be provided by someone.When making the request, you can utilize this instead of the more common Looking forward to… family of sign-offs.Just note that this one is very formal.As such, it might be best for people you respect a lot, even though you may be at the same level or rank.Enjoy Your [Day of the Week]This is good for those emails which are not very serious.If you have developed a rapport with the other person, then this one is okay. It has a formal angle to it but isn’t too stiff to be reserved only for serious business.If the day of the week is Friday, this can be a very good way of ending your email. It automatically gets the person thinking of the weekend. It also creates a joyful atmosphere as it lightens them up.Have a Great DayFor the good wishes and an alternative way of going about it, this is a great one. It is also time-tested though isn’t a cliché.It is general in nature so it doesn ’t go overboard like the initials TGIF (Thanks God It’s Friday) would. It is short, straight to the point and does what it’s supposed to doâ€"signify the end of the email.SIGNING YOUR EMAILS CREATIVELYObviously, these are not the only options. Just as some people came up with common closings and created a standard, so can you also come up with something unique.In your creativity though, you have to be careful.The business world is largely reserved. It is also a serious one. Unless you are in the art industry, your creativity may not be appreciated by all.To get you started, here are some examples.Have a Fantastic MondayTo many, this might be an oxymoron since very few people expect Monday to be a fantastic day. But when you wish someone a fantastic Monday, they might actually experience it.First, this closing strikes them as odd but they soon catch the subtle humor in it. As such, it can easily get into their memory and they will remember it.Psychologically speaking, this will make the recipient’s mind want to experience a fantastic day. As such, It will seek to create the environment for the experience.Hope Your Week’s Off to a Good StartThis is another uncommon one.Actually, this is something that people say to one another in face-to-face and phone conversations. And it can be used in emails too.It indicates a genuine hope that things are going in the right direction.Saw That It’ll Be [Hot/Cold] in [Receiver’s City] â€" Stay [Cool/Warm]This is a sure way of personalizing your email. It shows that you are either thinking about the recipient or you are just well informed.But more than that, you wish them comfort.For more examples like these, check out this link and stir up your mind for better ways of ending your emails.CONCLUSIONThough no list can be complete, this can work as a guide.Apart from the recommended closings, exercise your creativity and sign your emails better.

Vision And The Act Of Looking - 1527 Words

The Ocular Spectatorship Vision and the act of looking is an important and recurring theme in many horror films. In early gothic literature, such as in Guy de Maupassant s Le Horla, the author presents vision as definitive and universal proof and stresses the importance of seeing as well as the act of showing gore. As a society, we are routinely told ‘seeing is believing in the wake of any paranormal or supernatural phenomena, placing weight on the tangible. However, as science and technology have progressed the faithfulness of visual representation is increasingly throw into question, which in turn has led to societal anxiety. A few years earlier, video footage of an event rarely had its validity questions, whereas now it is easy†¦show more content†¦Not only does it allow the viewer to ‘fill in the gaps and imagine what the paranormal entity may look like but the greatest factor that allows for the audiences anxiety is that they are constantly waiting for a revealing, which never mat erializes. Some argue that there is a greater fear than the fear of the unknown. As in Tony Perrello s argument, the viewer experiences more horror watching the victim be attacked by the monster than being confronted by the monster itself. It has been noted that the audience will mirror the reactions of the character on screen, screaming when they scream or shielding their eyes when the victim on screen does, regardless of the role of the character. As in Hitchcock s Strangers on a Train (1951), the director draws the audience into empathizing with the evil character in a race against time to commit murder or James Whale s portrayal of Frankenstein s monster in 1931. Laura Mulvey also speaks of the spectatorship of siding with the killer in Peeping Tom (1960). The audience simultaneously empathizes with the victims on the screen while occupying the killer s point of view. The Uncanny (Sigmund Freud) Sigmund Freud coined this term when trying to explain something strangely familiar yet unfamiliar. It speaks to seeing or experiencing new but also takes us back to our own psychological past or something within the material world. It is suddenly recognizing something that seems unfamiliar and in fact, has an identity

Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Essay - 1200 Words

The objectives of this written task were to show how Willy’s family (Linda, Biff and Happy) viewed his death and his achievements. I also attempted to illustrate their individual relationships with Willy. I chose to use the format of a formal police report as it allows all three characters to express their views of Willy freely. Emotions were adjusted to the minimum since this is a police report, except for the case of Linda whom I consider would be too weak at that point to control herself. Their stories do not correspond exactly because some are trying to hide the facts. One difficulty I encountered was imitation of tones of all three characters. After reading the original play again, I managed to capture Linda’s admiration and Happy’s†¦show more content†¦Never did he genuinely care about any family members. His aims of life were to have fun and enjoy being a philanderer. His father was even a burden to him. (â€Å"(the mumbling) got so embarrassing that I sent him (Willy) back to Florida.†) Happy was indifferent towards his father. That is why in his report the tone was monotonous and emotionless. He also tried to exclude himself from the incident and avoid any responsibilities simply. Therefore he faked a story to say it was an accident to avoid further investigation. I regard the objectives accomplished successfully as these police reports adequately presented Linda, Biff and Happy’s way of viewing Willy and his suicide, their relationships with Willy and the way they deal with the future. I also succeeded in presenting Willy as a round character and described him in various points of view. NEW YORK POLICE DEPARTMENT REPORT Deceased: William Loman Date of birth: 2 July 1889 Date of death: 13 May 1949 Address: No. 10, Bridingtle Road, Siddle Avenue, Brooklyn, New York Policeman number: NYC-05-776379 Date of report: 15 May 1949 The deceased William Loman was found dead at No. 13, Bridingtle Road inside a red Chevy crashed into his neighbour’s garage. The car was severely damaged. The autopsy prepared by Doctor Kingston showed that Loman died of excessive blood loss. The following are direct records of interviews with his family members: Name: Linda Loman Relationship withShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Arthur Millers Death Of Salesman 1548 Words   |  7 Pages Research paper on death of salesman Arthur Miller created stories that express the deepest meanings of struggle. Miller is the most prominent twentieth-century American playwrights. He based his works on his own life, and his observations of the American scene. 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The Toulmin Model Of Argumentation - 853 Words

Stephen Toulmin, one of the most significant philosophers of our generation. Mr. Toulmin produced widespread analyses from morals, science, and ethical reasoning and established a different method for examining arguments, which is recognized as the Toulmin model of argumentation. Stephen Toulmin model of argumentation was not realized in Great Britain, but when he got to America those same ideas manifested to become the Toulmin model we know today. In the earlier stages of The Toulmin model it was used in debate manuals. The Toulmin model analyzes the strength and weaknesses of any argumentation. The Toulmin model has advanced into the rhetorical interpretation of literary texts. This tool is used for developing, examining, and classifying arguments. There are six parts of the model of argument from the claim, data, warrant, backing, modality, and rebuttal. The claim is the position or claim, which is argued for the deduction of the argument. For example a claim would be cars over 20 years old shouldn’t be allowed on the road. The data are the foundation or basis for the claim, the support. An example of data would be older vehicles pollute the environment and are less safe than newer car models. The warrant is also mentioned as the bridge, it is a description of why or how the data supports the claim, the underlying assumptions that links the data to the claim. An example of warrant would be removing the older car models from the road, and would drastically improve theShow MoreRelatedKeynote Address : Argumentative Analysis1512 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Toulmin model of argumentation. This model consists primarily of a claim, which is the assertion the rhetor attempts to prove, supporting evidence for the claim, and a warrant connecting the evidence to the claim. 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