Vision And The Act Of Looking - 1527 Words

The Ocular Spectatorship Vision and the act of looking is an important and recurring theme in many horror films. In early gothic literature, such as in Guy de Maupassant s Le Horla, the author presents vision as definitive and universal proof and stresses the importance of seeing as well as the act of showing gore. As a society, we are routinely told ‘seeing is believing in the wake of any paranormal or supernatural phenomena, placing weight on the tangible. However, as science and technology have progressed the faithfulness of visual representation is increasingly throw into question, which in turn has led to societal anxiety. A few years earlier, video footage of an event rarely had its validity questions, whereas now it is easy†¦show more content†¦Not only does it allow the viewer to ‘fill in the gaps and imagine what the paranormal entity may look like but the greatest factor that allows for the audiences anxiety is that they are constantly waiting for a revealing, which never mat erializes. Some argue that there is a greater fear than the fear of the unknown. As in Tony Perrello s argument, the viewer experiences more horror watching the victim be attacked by the monster than being confronted by the monster itself. It has been noted that the audience will mirror the reactions of the character on screen, screaming when they scream or shielding their eyes when the victim on screen does, regardless of the role of the character. As in Hitchcock s Strangers on a Train (1951), the director draws the audience into empathizing with the evil character in a race against time to commit murder or James Whale s portrayal of Frankenstein s monster in 1931. Laura Mulvey also speaks of the spectatorship of siding with the killer in Peeping Tom (1960). The audience simultaneously empathizes with the victims on the screen while occupying the killer s point of view. The Uncanny (Sigmund Freud) Sigmund Freud coined this term when trying to explain something strangely familiar yet unfamiliar. It speaks to seeing or experiencing new but also takes us back to our own psychological past or something within the material world. It is suddenly recognizing something that seems unfamiliar and in fact, has an identity

Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Essay - 1200 Words

The objectives of this written task were to show how Willy’s family (Linda, Biff and Happy) viewed his death and his achievements. I also attempted to illustrate their individual relationships with Willy. I chose to use the format of a formal police report as it allows all three characters to express their views of Willy freely. Emotions were adjusted to the minimum since this is a police report, except for the case of Linda whom I consider would be too weak at that point to control herself. Their stories do not correspond exactly because some are trying to hide the facts. One difficulty I encountered was imitation of tones of all three characters. After reading the original play again, I managed to capture Linda’s admiration and Happy’s†¦show more content†¦Never did he genuinely care about any family members. His aims of life were to have fun and enjoy being a philanderer. His father was even a burden to him. (â€Å"(the mumbling) got so embarrassing that I sent him (Willy) back to Florida.†) Happy was indifferent towards his father. That is why in his report the tone was monotonous and emotionless. He also tried to exclude himself from the incident and avoid any responsibilities simply. Therefore he faked a story to say it was an accident to avoid further investigation. I regard the objectives accomplished successfully as these police reports adequately presented Linda, Biff and Happy’s way of viewing Willy and his suicide, their relationships with Willy and the way they deal with the future. I also succeeded in presenting Willy as a round character and described him in various points of view. NEW YORK POLICE DEPARTMENT REPORT Deceased: William Loman Date of birth: 2 July 1889 Date of death: 13 May 1949 Address: No. 10, Bridingtle Road, Siddle Avenue, Brooklyn, New York Policeman number: NYC-05-776379 Date of report: 15 May 1949 The deceased William Loman was found dead at No. 13, Bridingtle Road inside a red Chevy crashed into his neighbour’s garage. The car was severely damaged. The autopsy prepared by Doctor Kingston showed that Loman died of excessive blood loss. The following are direct records of interviews with his family members: Name: Linda Loman Relationship withShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Arthur Millers Death Of Salesman 1548 Words   |  7 Pages Research paper on death of salesman Arthur Miller created stories that express the deepest meanings of struggle. Miller is the most prominent twentieth-century American playwrights. He based his works on his own life, and his observations of the American scene. Arthur Asher Miller was born 17 October 1915 in Manhattan, New York city. He was the son of Jewish immigrants from Poland. His parents had a prosperous clothing company. Unfortunately when the stock market crashed, because his familyRead MoreArthur Millers Death of a Salesman Essay904 Words   |  4 PagesArthur Millers Death of a Salesman Arthur Millers play, Death of a Salesman contains many themes of success and failure. They include the apartment buildings, the rubber hose, Willys brother Ben, the tape recorder, and the seeds for the garden. These symbols represent Willys attempts to be successful and his impending failure. In the start Willy and Linda moved to a home in Brooklyn, as it at the time seemedRead MoreMarxism In Arthur Millers Death Of A Salesman1465 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, Willy Lowman sought to attain the American Dream, but his distorted view of Marxist control ultimately provoked his physical, material, and mental destruction. Lowman, a middle-class salesman, husband, and father of two shared the ideology of many American’s, an ideology that hard work, dedication, and likeability was attainable regardless of social class, or life circumstances. Yet, the multiple distortions Willy associated with this dream combinedRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Millers Death Of Salesman 1611 Words   |  7 PagesResearch paper on death of salesman Arthur Miller created stories that express the deepest meanings of struggle. Miller is the most prominent twentieth-century American playwrights. He based his works on his own life, and his observations of the American scene. Arthur Asher Miller was born 17 October 1915 in Manhattan, New York city. He was the son of Jewish immigrants from Poland. His parents had a prosperous clothing company. Unfortunately when the stock market crashed, because his familyRead MoreThe Theme Of Death In Arthur Millers Death Of A Salesman1064 Words   |  5 PagesDeath is often seen as a scary and dreadful reality that everybody must face. Suicide is perceived as selfish and cold-hearted by many. What about somebody who commits suicide for the greater good? This harsh actuality is depicted in the play â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller. Miller overcame loss and devastation and created a heartfelt collection of literature that became iconic. â€Å"Death of a Salesman† unve ils the unfortunate reality that many households experience of chaos disrupting harmonyRead MoreSymbolism In Arthur Millers Death Of A Salesman1783 Words   |  8 PagesEdison believes individuals cannot cheat the process of success to get to the top, they must work for it. In the play, Death of a Salesman, the author, Arthur Miller, uses the narrative techniques of imagery, motifs, and symbolism to show how success and social acceptance can be deceptive for Willy Loman and his family. Willy Loman is a troubled, self-defrauding travelling salesman. He genuinely believes in the American Dream of easy success and prosperous wealth, but he cannot achieve it. NeitherRead More Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Essay2019 Words   |  9 PagesArthur Millers Death of a Salesman Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman was written after the second World War while the American economy was booming. Society was becoming very materialistic, and the idea that anyone could â€Å"make it† in America was popular. These societal beliefs play a large part in Death of a Salesman, a play in which the main character, Willy Loman, spends a lifetime chasing after the American Dream. Willy was sold on the wrong dream. He was enamored with aRead MoreAnalysis of Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman1581 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Arthur Millers play Death of a Salesman was a hit nearly from its debut, and its importance to American literature and theater has not diminished in the over half a century since its first performance in 1949. However, the specific areas of the play that have most intrigued critics have changed over time, as different historical, social, and literary concerns lead critics to come up with different interpretations. By analyzing three different critical responses to Death of a Salesman, it will beRead MoreSymbolism In Arthur Millers Death Of A Salesman717 Words   |  3 PagesArthur Miller’s â€Å"Death of a Salesman† takes place in New York City in the late 1940’s. This play chronicles the life of Willy Loman, who often reflects upon his life and the decisions he has made. Miller characterizes Willy as guilt-stricke n by his decisions and driven for his children to achieve wealth and success through the use of symbolism, idioms, and similes. Miller uses symbolism to develop dimensions of Willy’s character. During one of his flashbacks, Willy remembers his affair with a womanRead MoreEssay on Symbolism in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman1197 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Arthur Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman is wrought with symbolism from the opening scene. Many symbols illustrate the themes of success and failure. They include the apartment buildings, the rubber hose, Willy’s brother Ben, the tape recorder, and the seeds for the garden. These symbols represent Willy’s attempts to be successful and his impending failure. When Willy and Linda purchased their home in Brooklyn, it

The Toulmin Model Of Argumentation - 853 Words

Stephen Toulmin, one of the most significant philosophers of our generation. Mr. Toulmin produced widespread analyses from morals, science, and ethical reasoning and established a different method for examining arguments, which is recognized as the Toulmin model of argumentation. Stephen Toulmin model of argumentation was not realized in Great Britain, but when he got to America those same ideas manifested to become the Toulmin model we know today. In the earlier stages of The Toulmin model it was used in debate manuals. The Toulmin model analyzes the strength and weaknesses of any argumentation. The Toulmin model has advanced into the rhetorical interpretation of literary texts. This tool is used for developing, examining, and classifying arguments. There are six parts of the model of argument from the claim, data, warrant, backing, modality, and rebuttal. The claim is the position or claim, which is argued for the deduction of the argument. For example a claim would be cars over 20 years old shouldn’t be allowed on the road. The data are the foundation or basis for the claim, the support. An example of data would be older vehicles pollute the environment and are less safe than newer car models. The warrant is also mentioned as the bridge, it is a description of why or how the data supports the claim, the underlying assumptions that links the data to the claim. An example of warrant would be removing the older car models from the road, and would drastically improve theShow MoreRelatedKeynote Address : Argumentative Analysis1512 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Toulmin model of argumentation. This model consists primarily of a claim, which is the assertion the rhetor attempts to prove, supporting evidence for the claim, and a warrant connecting the evidence to the claim. Secondary elements of this model include backing supporting the warrant, the countering of potential rebuttals to the claim, and qualifiers, which modify the claim to make it less susceptible t o such opposition. By strategically implementing certain elements of the Toulmin model, ObamaRead MoreResearch On Students Learning1100 Words   |  5 Pagessignificance of the processes of critical reasoning and use of argumentation for the construction and justification of scientific knowledge through language (Driver, Newton, Osborne, 1998; Driver, Asoko, Leach, Mortimer, Scott, 1994). This study focused on design and evolution of alternative instructional strategies and tools that foster the use of argumentation in physics education. 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A rational argument adapts to the audience in an ethical manner, fulfills the requirements of presumption and burden of proof and effectivelyRead MoreThe Toulmin Model Of Argument 11533 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ The Toulmin Model of Argument (adapted from: http://schoolnet.org.za/twt/09/M9_argumentation.pdf) In his work on logic and argument, The Uses of Argument, Stephen Toulmin indicates three major, necessary parts of an argument, along with three additional, optional parts. The three major parts are the claim, the support, and the warrants. Claim: This is the disputable assertion for which a speaker argues. The claim may be directly stated or the claim may be implied. You can find the claim by askingRead MoreArgument Of An Open Source Visualisation Tool8116 Words   |  33 PagesArgument Visualisation tools 1. Abstract 2. Introduction Argumentation is the area that studies the relation between a claim and any statement that supports or opposes this claim. Argument visualisation is the way to present the arguments, which make it easy way to analysis and evaluate. There are many tools help to visualise arguments used different type of visualisation, such as, network, tree, and table. Argument graph is import to summarize the complex argument on documents, which makeRead MorePoor Study Habits4822 Words   |  20 Pagesissue. Paul Elder (2006) provide a checklist for reasoning, which primarily highlights giving â€Å"inferences by which we draw conclusions and give meaning to data† (p.7). They also emphasize that reasoning â€Å"has implications and consequences† (ibid.). Toulmin (2000) moreover underscores the requirements of reasoning which involve â€Å"examination of the claim or position in any given issue, and analysis of the evidence and justifications offered to support such claim, along with an analysis of the refutationsRead MoreInformation Security15951 Words   |  64 Pagesconstructs, and/or models (see additional discussions about this under the â€Å"Apply the Literature† below). As such, a literature review for each stream of theory or construct may be relevant. In such cases, one may find numerous studies on a specific theo ry, model, or framework. Thus, deciding which piece of literature should be included as part of the literature review can be a daunting task for novice researchers. One common example is the extensive work done on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by DavisRead MoreAristotles Rhetoric Theory2285 Words   |  10 PagesRhetoric Rhetorical Theory centered on the 4th Century BC writings of Aristotle. Aristotle’s Rhetoric was the seminal work which was later revised by others including Kenneth Burke (dramatism) and Toulmin (argument model). George A. Kennedy (2004) wrote the most respected, authoritative and explanatory translation of Aristotle’s Rhetoric but an older translation by W. Rhys Roberts (1954) is available online for free. Aristotle’s mentor, Plato (385 BC), reacted to theRead MoreCommunication And Conflict Resolution Within Communications1751 Words   |  8 Pagesaltogether. While researching just how effective conflict resolution could be if applied correctly the ADR model was extremely helpful when addressing the perks that assists’ conflict resolution, it called Alternative Dispute Resolution and or ADR. The models of which ADR embraces are essential factors when attempting to combat disruptive communication altercations. ADR practices several models including policy dialoging, deliberative discourses, and negotiation compromising tactics. These are allRead MoreConflict Resolution Toolkit4549 Words   |  19 Pagesadministrative agencies. Resolving conflict is a management strategy where businesses should learn to study and practice conflict management skills to keep up a positive work environment (Reina, 2010). Hitchcock Verheij (2006) stated that the Toulmin Model of Argumentation declares that most of the arguments involve the following six elements: 1. Claim 2. Grounds 3. Warrant: A warrant connects the information with the grounds in response to the claim, which legitimize the claim by depicting the grounds

Six-day War and Israeli Military Leaders free essay sample

Israel’s success in dealing with the treats it came across was due to many factors. These included Israel’s military tactics; which is one of the most important ones. Israeli determination for an independent state, the disunity between the Arab people, territory and the role of the US all played a part in the triumph of Israeli survival in the years 1948 – 73. Israeli military tactics were a long-term factor of why Israel was so extraordinary at dealing with everything that was thrown at them. Israel’s troops were highly motivated and better trained than any Middle Eastern country as the Israelis fought beside Britain in WWII. Additionally Israeli military leaders; like Moshe Dayan were very skilled and the tactics that were used outsmarted the other rivalling nations. Moshe Dayan, who was called ‘a hero-tactician’ and was know for being an Israeli military leader and politician, was able to provoke Egypt into a war he knew they were not prepared for. He was able to come up with cunning schemes that outsmarted the Arabs. The 6-day war is also one of many Israeli victories as the strategies used were able to destroy Egyptian, Syrian and Jordanian air force in just the first four hours of the Israeli take off on the 5th of June 1967. This consequently led to the success of Israel dealing with threats due to their outstanding military tactics. The role of the US was also a crucial reason why Israel survived. The USSR and US were greatly involved with the Yom Kippur War as the USSR sent arms to Egypt and Syria and the US organised a massive airlift to Israel, which contributed to the military power they already had. Another reason why the US supported the Israelis was because they had similar political aims. They were against the spread of communism and the US was also resistant to the expansion of the Soviet Union. After the Suez crisis, the United States became the western superpower in the Middle East. This was because after the Cold War, only the United States appeared to fulfill the criteria of being considered a world superpower. The Eisenhower Doctrine of 1957 declared that the United States would distribute economic and military aid and, if necessary, use military force to stop the spread of communism in the Middle East. Eisenhower also used a variety of political and ecological levers to compel France, Britain and Israel to desist from war. Furthermore Israel obtained guarantees from the US that that the international waterways would remain open to Israeli shipping further bettering the survival and growth of their economy. Territory was also a factor in how Israel had survived in dealing with threats to its survival. Israel had made large territorial gains after the 6-day war. They were able to capture the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights and the Sinai up to the Suez Canal, which really increased their total land mass. They were also able to place buffer zones between their neighbors to give a little bit more peace and control to Israel. Lebanon even rejected calls by other Arab governments to participate in the 6-day war. Militarily weak in the south, Lebanon could not afford conflict with Israel. The loss of additional territory transformed the Palestinians decline in refugee camps hoping to return home. The additional flood of refugees turned Palestinian camps throughout the Middle East into centers of guerilla activity, which further let to the spectacular Israeli victory as many Israeli’s wanted to alter their lives so the only solution they thought of was by force. Arab-Israeli negotiations took place soon after and the concept of ‘land for peace’ meant that the Israelis would have to give up the land they won in the 1967 war and in return, gain peace deals. This included the recognition of Israeli borders and it’s right to security. Which also played a part in Israel’s survival. Furthermore Israeli determination of independence was yet another factor why Israel successfully dealt with its threats. The Law of return gave any Jew in the world the right to become a citizen of Israel. The UN passed a solution calling for the partition of Palestine. It recognized the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, as the partition plan allowed for the establishment of an Arab state. It let the Palestinians to be considered as refugees and war victims as some of the Palestinian people had just been affected by the holocaust. This then lead to world opinion of the survivors to be very sympathetic which assisted them as soon after they were granted the right to secure themselves and return to their homeland and gain independence. Besides Israeli determination of Independence, the lack of Arab unity also made an appearance into how Israel survived so successfully. The lack of Arab co-ordination in the 6-day war really affected Israel, as they were able to us the Napoleonic Strategy. This meant they could attack each Syria, Egypt and Jordan one at a time. This gave the Israeli military enough time and effort to deal with the Arab armies who opposed them separately instead of fighting three against one. Egypt also mislead the Jordanians by claiming 70% of all Israeli air force had been destroyed when in fact Israeli air superiority was one of the most important factors in their victory. In conclusion there was many reasons why Israel was so successful in dealing with threats to its survival in the years 1948-73. This included extraordinary Israeli military tactics, the role of the US, Territory, Israeli determination of independence and the severe lack of Arab unity. All these factors led to the survival of Israel in the years 1948-73.