IVR Cloud Migration Project

IVR Cloud Migration Project INTRODUCTION The primary objective of the IVR Cloud Migration Project is to Lift and Shift their working Applications into the AWS Cloud Environment. The Lift and Shift of the IVR Applications are recommended to have automation the least amount of human interaction to build and deploy onto AWS Cloud. This document will give a step-by-step process to carry out the task of automating the creation and maintenance of the applications. REQUIREMENTS The IVR Applications require the following resources to replicate and automate the on-premise environment onto AWS Cloud. In the Automation Process, the requirement is to have minimal human interaction and have an automation pipeline from creating a build for the application to creating, deploying and configuring until a running application instance is setup. The tools that are required are as follows: AWS EC2 Instances WebSphere Liberty Profile Jenkins Pipeline CyberArk Authentication Ansible Tower AWS CloudFormation AWS Elastic Load Balancers AWS S3 Bucket ELASTIC COMPUTE CLOUD (EC2) Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a virtual computing environment which provides users the platform to create applications and allowing them to scale their applications by providing Infrastructure as a Service. Key Concepts associated with an EC2 are Virtual computing environments are known as instances. Preconfigured templates for your instances, known as Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), that package the bits you need for your server (including the operating system and additional software). Various configurations of CPU, memory, storage, and networking capacity for your instances, known as instance types. Secure login information for your instances using key pairs (AWS stores the public key, and you store the private key in a secure place). Storage volumes for temporary data thats deleted when you stop or terminate your instance, known as instance store volumes. Persistent storage volumes for your data using Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS), known as Amazon EBS volumes. Multiple physical locations for your resources, such as instances and Amazon EBS volumes, known as regions and Availability Zones. A firewall that enables you to specify the protocols, ports, and source IP ranges that can reach your instances using security groups. Static IPv4 addresses for dynamic cloud computing, known as Elastic IP addresses. Metadata, known as tags, that you can create and assign to your Amazon EC2 resources. Virtual networks you can create that are logically isolated from the rest of the AWS Cloud, and that you can optionally connect to your own network, known as Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs). WEBSPHERE LIBERTY PROFILE IBM WebSphere Application Server V8.5 Liberty Profile is a composable, dynamic application server environment that supports development and testing of web applications. The Liberty profile is a simplified, lightweight development and application runtime environment that has the following characteristics: Simple to configure. Configuration is read from an XML file with text-editor friendly syntax. Dynamic and flexible. The run time loads only what your application needs and recomposes the run time in response to configuration changes. Fast. The server starts in under 5 seconds with a basic web application. Extensible. The Liberty profile provides support for user and product extensions, which can use System Programming Interfaces (SPIs) to extend the run time. JENKINS Jenkins is a self-contained, open source automation server which can be used to automate all sorts of tasks such as building, testing, and deploying software. Jenkins can be installed through native system packages, Docker, or even run standalone by any machine with the Java Runtime Environment installed. Jenkins Pipeline is a suite of plugins which supports implementing and integrating continuous delivery pipelines into Jenkins. Pipeline provides an extensible set of tools for modeling simple-to-complex delivery pipelines as code. A Jenkinsfile which is a text file that contains the definition of a Jenkins Pipeline is checked into source control. This is the foundation of Pipeline-As-Code; treating the continuous delivery pipeline a part of the application to be version and reviewed like any other code. REQUIREMENTS The Requirements for Jenkins Server includes the following: The size requirement for a Jenkins instance is that there is no one size fits all answer the exact specifications of the hardware that you will need will depend heavily on your organizations needs. Your Jenkins master runs on Java and requires to have the OpenJDK installed on the Instance with the JAVA_HOME path Set. Jenkins runs on a local webserver like Tomcat and requires it to be configured. RAM allotted for it can range from 200 MB for a small installation to 70+ GB for a single and massive Jenkins master. However, you should be able to estimate the RAM required based on your project build needs. Each build node connection will take 2-3 threads, which equals about 2 MB or more of memory. You will also need to factor in CPU overhead for Jenkins if there are a lot of users who will be accessing the Jenkins user interface. The more automated the environment configuration is, the easier it is to replicate a configuration onto a new agent machine. Tools for configuration management or a pre-baked image can be excellent solutions to this end. Containers and virtualization are also popular tools for creating generic agent environments. JENKINS FILE STRUCTURE Jenkins File Structure is a model to automate the non-human part of the whole software development process, with now common things like continuous integration, but by further empowering teams to implement the technical part of a Continuous Delivery. Directory Description . jenkins The default Jenkins home directory. Fingerprints This directory is used by Jenkins to keep track of artifact fingerprints. We look at how to track artifacts later in the book. jobs This directory contains configuration details about the build jobs that Jenkins manages, as well as the artifacts and data resulting from these builds. plugins This directory contains any plugins that you have installed. Plugins allow you to extend Jenkins by adding extra feature. Note Except the Jenkins core plugins (subversion, cvs, ssh-slaves, maven, and scid-ad), no plugins are stored with Jenkins executable, or expanded web application directory. updates This is an internal directory used by Jenkins to store information about available plugin updates. userContent You can use this directory to place your own custom content onto your Jenkins server. You can access files in this directory at http://myserver/userContent (stand-alone). users If you are using the native Jenkins user database, user accounts will be stored in this directory. war This directory contains the expanded web application. When you start Jenkins as a stand-alone application, it will extract the web application into this directory. JENKINS SETUP Jenkins Setup is carried out on a managing server which has access to all your remote servers or nodes. The Process can be demonstrated with a few simple steps. Jenkins has native integrations with different Operating Systems. These are the Operating Systems that support Jenkins are: Solaris 10 Ubuntu Red Hat Distributions Windows UNIX Daemon Docker JENKINS CONFIGURATION The Configuration file for Jenkins is used to make certain changes to the default configuration. The Priority configuration changes are searched by Jenkins in the following order: Jenkins will be launched as a daemon on startup. See /etc/init.d/jenkins for more details. The jenkins user is created to run this service. If you change this to a different user via the config file, you must change the owner of /var/log/jenkins, /var/lib/jenkins, and /var/cache/jenkins. Log file will be placed in /var/log/jenkins/jenkins.log. Check this file if you are troubleshooting Jenkins. /etc/sysconfig/jenkins will capture configuration parameters for the launch. By default, Jenkins listen on port 8080. Access this port with your browser to start configuration.ÂÂ   Note that the built-in firewall may have to be opened to access this port from other computers. A Jenkins RPM repository is added in /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo CREATE A JENKINS PIPELINE The requirement for creating a pipeline is to have a repository with the Jenkins file which holds the declaration of the pipeline. STEP 1: Select New Item from the Jenkins Dashboard. New Item on the Jenkins home page src=https://aaimagestore.s3.amazonaws.com/july2017/0020514.008.png> STEP 2: Enter a Name for the Pipeline and Select Pipeline from the list of options. Click OK. STEP 3: Toggle Tabs to Customize the Pipeline to Click Apply. STEP 4: To Build the Job, Click Build Now on the Dashboard to run the Pipeline. ANSIBLE Ansible Tower is the Automation tool used in this project and is a simple tool to manage multiple nodes. Ansible is recommended to automate the deployment and configuration management of the System and its Applications. Ansible Automation can be setup on any machine as it does not require a daemon or database. It will begin with the assigned user to SSH into a host file. This allows the user to run the Ansible script to execute the roles which runs various tasks defined. NOTE: In scope of the IVR applications the ansible script executes multiple roles for the creation of EC2 Instances and the installation of WebSphere Applications. Each of these roles have their very own YAML script to create and populate the instance. REQUIREMENTS The Requirements for Ansible Server includes the following: Ansible Tower Setup requires to be on a Linux Instance (CentOS or RHEL), Linux setup for some basic services including: Git, Python, OpenSSL. Some Additional Requirement: Jinja2: A modern, fast and easy to use stand-alone template engine for Python. PyYAML: A YAML parser and emitter for the Python programming language. Paramiko: A native Python SSHv2 channel library. Httplib2: A comprehensive HTTP client library. SSHPass: A non-interactive SSH password authentication. ANSIBLE FILE STRUCTURE Ansible Playbook is a model of configuration or a process which contains number of plays. Each play is used to map a group of hosts to some well-defined roles which can be represented by ansible call tasks. Master Playbook The Master Playbook file contains the information of the rest of the Playbook. The Master Playbook for the project has been given as Site.yml. This YAML script is used to define the roles to execute. NOTE: The roles in the Master Playbook are invoked to perform their respective tasks. Path = /ivr/aws_env/playbooks/ivr SITE.YML Inventory Ansible contains information about the hosts and groups of hosts to be managed in the hosts file. This is also called an inventory file. Path = /ivr/aws_env/playbooks/ivr/inventory Group Variables and Host Variables Similar to the hosts inventory file, you can also include hosts and groups of hosts configuration variables in a separate configuration folder like group_vars and hosts_vars. These can include configuration parameters, whether on the application or operating system level, which may not be valid for all groups or hosts. This is where having multiple files can be useful: inside group_vars or hosts_vars, you can create a group or host in more than one way, allowing you to define specific configuration parameters. Roles Roles in Ansible build on the idea of include files and combine them to form clean, reusable abstractions they allow you to focus more on the big picture and only define the details when needed. To correctly use roles with Ansible, you need to create a roles directory in your working Ansible directory, and then any necessary sub-directories. The Following displays the Playbook Structure for Ansible. ANSIBLE SETUP Ansible Setup is carried out on a managing server which has access to all your remote servers or nodes. The Process can be demonstrated with a few simple steps. Step I. Login as the Root User on the Instance where Ansible needs to be installed. Use the sudo apt-get install ansible -y command to install the package onto an Ubuntu/Debian System. Use the sudo yum install ansible -y command to install the package onto a CentOS/RHEL/Fedora System. Step II. The Ansible system can connect to any remote server using SSH by authenticating the request. NOTE: Ansible can use ssh-keygen to create a RSA encrypted key and can copy it to the remote server to connect using SSH without authentication. Step III. Create an Inventory file which is used to work against multiple systems across the infrastructure at the same time. This is executed by taking portions of the systems linked in the Inventory file. The Default path for the Inventory file is etc/ansible/hosts. NOTE This path can be changed by using -i which is a recommended option depending on the project requirement. There can be more than one inventory files which can be executed at the same time. The inventory file holds the group names which defines the group of servers that are maintained together. The inventory file needs to be populated with the host IP Addresses that are to be accessed. The inventory file is as follows: Path = /ivr/aws_env/playbooks/ivr/inventory hosts The IVR in the brackets indicates group names. Group names are used to classify systems and determining which systems you are going to control at what times and for what reason. The group name can be used to interact with all the hosts alongside different modules (-m) defined in ansible. Example: ansible -m ping IVR ANSIBLE CONFIGURATION The Configuration file for Ansible is used to make certain changes to the default configuration. The Priority configuration changes are searched by ansible in the following order: Path= /ivr/aws_env/playbooks/ivr/etc/ansible.cfg is the path setup for ansible configuration changes. CLOUD FORMATION AWS CloudFormation is a service that helps you model and set up your Amazon Web Services resources so that you can spend less time managing those resources and more time focusing on your applications that run-in AWS. You create a template that describes all the AWS resources that you want (like Amazon EC2 instances or Amazon RDS DB instances), and AWS CloudFormation takes care of provisioning and configuring those resources for you. You dont need to individually create and configure AWS resources and figure out whats dependent on what; AWS CloudFormation handles all of that. CloudFormation Template CloudFormation templates are created for the service or application architectures you want and have AWS CloudFormation use those templates for quick and reliable provisioning of the services or applications (called stacks). You can also easily update or replicate the stacks as needed. Example Template STEPS TO LAUNCH A CLOUD FORMATION STACK Sign in to AWS Management Console and open the Cloud Formation console at http://console.aws.amazon.com/cloudformation/ From the navigation bar select the region for the instance Click on the Create a New Stack. Choose an Option from a Sample Template, Template to S3 and S3 Template URL Using a template to build an EC2 Instance Enter a Stack Name and Provide the Key Pair to SSH into the Instance. a A Add Tags to the Instance, this also help organize your instance to group with application specific, team specific instances. Review and Create Stack. CloudFormation Stack starts building the stack using the template. In Scope of this Project, IVR Application Instances are build using a Cloud Formation Template and will be triggered using Ansible Role. Simple Storage Service (S3) Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) A load balancer serves as a single point of contact for clients, which increases the availability of your application. You can add and remove instances from your load balancer as your needs change, without disrupting the overall flow of requests to your application. Elastic Load Balancing scales your load balancer as traffic to your application changes over time, and can scale to the clear majority of workloads automatically. You can configure health checks, which are used to monitor the health of the registered instances so that the load balancer can send requests only to the healthy instances. You can also offload the work of encryption and decryption to your load balancer so that your instances can focus on their main work. ÂÂ  Setting Up an Elastic Load Balancer Step 1: Select a Load Balancer Type Elastic Load Balancing supports two types of load balancers: Application Load Balancers and Classic Load Balancers. To create an Elastic Load Balancer, Open the Amazon EC2 console and choose Load Balancers on the navigation pane. Step 2: Configure Your Load Balancer and Listener On the Configure Load Balancer page, complete the following procedure. To configure your load balancer and listener 1. For Name, type a name for your load balancer. The name of your Application Load Balancer must be unique within your set of Application Load Balancers for the region, can have a maximum of 32 characters, can contain only alphanumeric characters and hyphens, and must not begin or end with a hyphen. 2. For Scheme, keep the default value, internet-facing. 3. For IP address type, select ipv4 if your instances support IPv4 addresses or dual stack if they support IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. 4. For Listeners, keep the default, which is a listener that accepts HTTP traffic on port 80. 5. For Availability Zones, select the VPC that you used for your EC2 instances. For each of the two Availability Zones that contain your EC2 instances, select the Availability Zone and then select the public subnet for that Availability Zone. 6. Choose Next: Configure Security Settings. Step 3: Configure a Security Group for Your Load Balancer The security group for your load balancer must allow it to communicate with registered targets on both the listener port and the health check port. The console can create security groups for your load balancer on your behalf, with rules that specify the correct protocols and ports. Note If you prefer, you can create and select your own security group instead. For more information, see Recommended Rules in the Application Load Balancer Guide. On the Configure Security Groups page, complete the following procedure to have Elastic Load Balancing create a security group for your load balancer on your behalf. Step 4: Configure Your Target Group To configure a security group for your load balancer 1. Choose Create a new security group. 2. Type a name and description for the security group, or keep the default name and description. This new security group contains a rule that allows traffic to the load balancer listener port that you selected on the Configure Load Balancer page. 3. Choose Next: Configure Routing. Step 4: Configure Your Target Group Create a target group, which is used in request routing. The default rule for your listener routes requests to the to registered targets in this target group. The load balancer checks the health of targets in this target group using the health check settings defined for the target group. On the Configure Routing page, complete the following procedure. To configure your target group 1. For Target group, keep the default, New target group. 2. For Name, type a name for the new target group. 3. Keep Protocol as HTTP and Port as 80. 4. For Health checks, keep the default protocol and ping path. 5. Choose Next: Register Targets. Step 5: Register Targets with Your Target Group On the Register Targets page, complete the following procedure. To register targets with the target group 1. For Instances, select one or more instances. 2. Keep the default port, 80, and choose Add to registered. 3. If you need to remove an instance that you selected, for Registered instances, select the instance and then choose Remove. 4. When you have finished selecting instances, choose Next: Review. Step 6: Create and Test Your Load Balancer Before creating the load balancer, review the settings that you selected. After creating the load balancer, verify that its sending traffic to your EC2 instances. To create and test your load balancer 1. On the Review page, choose Create. 2. After you are notified that your load balancer was created successfully, choose Close. 3. On the navigation pane, under LOAD BALANCING, choose Target Groups. 4. Select the newly created target group. 5. On the Targets tab, verify that your instances are ready. If the status of an instance is initial, its probably because the instance is still in the process of being registered, or it has not passed the Auto Scaling AUTOMATION OVERVIEW There are 2 Parts of the Automation Process which is used To Create a Custom AMI for all IVR Applications To Create Instances for Each Application using the Custom AMI. STEPS TO CREATE THE CUSTOM AMI The process of automating this environment starts from creating a Jenkins Pipeline for code deploy to the application that needs to be build. The Pipeline also needs integration of CyberArk for the Authentication and registering the service account required for the automation. The following process is triggered as part of the Ansible playbook where it performs multiple roles to complete automation of the Application. The Ansible role first calls for a CloudFormation Template. A CloudFormation Template is used to Build a Stack required (EC2 Instance). This template is given the AMI ID of the Verizon standard. The CloudFormation Template after the creation of the Instance triggers a WebSphere Role from Ansible that installs the OpenJDK, WebSphere Liberty Profile, creating a WLP User and Add the Necessary Net groups for the application. An AMI of the Instance at this point is created. STEPS TO CREATE THE APPLICATION INSTANCES The process of automating this environment starts from creating a Jenkins Pipeline for code deploy to the application that needs to be build. The Pipeline also needs integration of CyberArk for the Authentication and registering the service account required for the automation. The following process is triggered as part of the Ansible playbook where it performs multiple roles to complete automation of the Application. The Ansible role first calls for a CloudFormation Template. A CloudFormation Template is used to Build a Stack required (EC2 Instance). This template is given the Custom AMI created for IVR. After the creation of the Instance an S3 Role is triggered from Ansible. The S3 Role Performs the Ansible Role based on the Application Instance. NOTE: An S3 Bucket with folder structure for each application is maintained to keep the updated code and certificates along with other required installation files. IVR Touch Point S3 role fetches the EAR files, configuration files and the certificates in the IVR-TP folder of the S3 bucket and install them on the Instance that is created by the Cloud Formation Role. IVR Middleware S3 role fetches the EAR files, configuration files and the certificates in the IVR-MW folder of the S3 bucket and install them on the Instance that is created by the Cloud Formation Role. IVR Activations S3 role fetches the EAR files, configuration files and the certificates in the IVR-Activations of the S3 bucket and install them on the Instance that is created by the Cloud Formation Role. IVR CTI S3 role fetches the IBM eXtreme Scale Grid Installation followed by Siteminder SSO installation. After the application requirements are fulfilled, the EAR files, configuration files and the certificates in the IVR-CTI folder of the S3 bucket are deployed on the Instance. IVR Work Hub S3 role fetches the IBM eXtreme Scale Grid Installation followed by Siteminder SSO installation. After the application requirements are fulfilled, the EAR files, configuration files and the certificates in the IVR

The Wife of Bath Essay examples -- Essays Papers

THE WIFE OF BATH In the â€Å"Wife of Bath’s Prologue,† she begins her introduction by telling the other pilgrims that she has experience because she has been married five time. She believes more in experience rather than in written authority (that is , in texts written by men). The Wife of Bath argues with virginity: â€Å"Where can ye saye in any manere age that hye God defended mariage by expres word? I praye you, telleth me. Or Where comanded he virginitee?† [Norton,118] She asks where in the bible is virginity commanded? If God condemned virginity, there would be no children, and no population: â€Å"For hadde God comanded maidenhede, Thanne hadde he dampned wedding with the deede; And certes, if there were no seed ysowe, Virginitee, thanne wherof sholde it growe?† [Norton,118] She then says how she is not jealous of virgin women, and how she always has her man in her bed. The Pardoner, hearing this, interrupts her in disgust and tells her how he has been thin king about marriage but now is glad that he is a single guy. The Wife of Bath then tells the other pilgrims what has happened to her five husbands. She says, â€Å"Tho housbonds that I hadde, As three of hem were goode, and two were badde. The three men were goode, and riche, and olde†[Norton,121]. In other words, the first three husbands were good to her; they were old and had money to take care of her. The fourth husband she had no control over. He was a reveler who loved to party. The Wife of Bath has a problem with him because he has a mistress. To get even with him, she tries to make him jealous. She torments him so much in life that she prays he is now in heaven. â€Å"The fifth husband she truly loved but there was one problem; he was abusive†[Norton,128]. The Wi... ...to pursue the man as well as to divorce him. In many households, you can also see the husband cleaning, cooking, and taking care of the children. Most of the married couples now share chores around the house. They respect as well as help each other during difficulties of life. Women can now raise children, educate them and direct them to a good life without the monetary support of the husband. As we can see, times have changed for the better. I must say some things still need improvement. Some men are still old fashioned and think they can control and look down on their wife. Some men still do not think a woman should have power in court, at home or in the office. Men believe that a woman’s place is in the home. What do you think? Works Cited Abrams, M.H. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. NewYork: W.W. Norton &Company, Inc., 1993

The Benefits of Preschool for Your Toddler

How Beneficial is preschool for your toddler? Jane M. Rentas Barry University Author Note This paper was prepared for English 202 taught by Dr. Louise Rogers How beneficial is preschool for your toddler? Preschool is an early childhood program in which children combine learning with playing in a program run by professionally trained adults. Children are most commonly enrolled in preschool between the ages of two through five years old..Preschools are different from your traditional daycare in that their emphasis is learning and development rather than enabling parents to work or pursue other activities. In addition to being called preschool, these programs are known by other names, including child care, day care, and nursery school. They vary widely in their setting, format, and educational requirements. Preschools may meet all-day or half-day, either every day or just a few days per week. They could be sponsored by a church, operate as an independent non-profit, or run for profit.Th ey may be part of the public school system or part of the Federal Head Start program. Before 1960, the education of young children was the responsibility of families within the home. As of 2004, most young children in the United States spend some of their days apart from their parents. Most children attended some sort program like Headstart, Daycare or VPK prior to kindergarten. The enrollment rate for four-year-olds in 2001 was almost the same as the enrollment rate for five-year-olds in 1970. There are several factors that influence this dramatic change.One factor being a rise in the numbers of mothers working outside of the home, a decline in the size of families which leads more parents to turn to preschools as a social outlet for their children, and a desire to give children a head start academically. The higher the income and educational level of the parents, it is more likely that their child will attend preschool. As the years go by, we will see an increase of children atten ding preschool because of the substantial increase of governmental support for programs targeting children in low-income households.According to the National Institute for Early Education Research, the types of teaching activities and classroom emphases that contribute to a high-quality early education for children include the opportunities to learn persistence when working at tasks, direction following, and good listening skills, focus on language and literacy skills, as well as interactive book reading, emphasis on teaching children problem-solving skills and opportunities for preschoolers to engage in music and art. The greatest academic and social progress seen in preschools is in children from deprived backgrounds.Most children in preschool are not disadvantaged, and some researchers believe the same gains of attending preschool can be done at home by providing them educational toys, games, movies and books for the child. In some preschools, the ability of groups might mean tha t children will not receive the one on one attention they require. This is a major risk if the preschool does not follow the National Association for the Education of Young Children's recommended teacher-to-child ratio of no more than ten preschoolers per staff member.One-on-one instruction is an advantage parents will not likely find in any preschool. There are other opportunities for playing with other children that exist in churches, clubs, and other sports, where the child can learn social skills. Some believe that what children need most is lots of playing and free time and close interaction with their parents something that may be affected if the child is away from home for long periods of time. Another disadvantage is that some children experience acute separation anxiety, which indicates that they are not yet ready to make the transition to the environment of preschool.Many programs also expect the child to be toilet-trained , which is a milestone that not all children have at the preschool age. Parents considering sending their child to preschool should investigate several different ones and consider many factors before choosing one. Parents should also realize that in spite of the potential advantages that preschool may have, preschool may not be for every child. Parents can also find and research alternative ways of introducing their child to early academic skills and social activities.

Raising The Minimum Wage Increase On Employment And Family...

Raising the minimum wage America’s economy is built upon the free enterprise system which operates according to five principles: the freedom to choose our businesses, right to private property, profit motive, competition, and consumer freedom. This system allows pricing of goods and services and employee wages to be determined by the market. Raising the minimum wage will adversely affect the pricing of consumer goods and employee wages and can temporarily disrupt our economic system. According to the report of â€Å"The Effects of a Minimum-Wage increase on Employment and Family Income† from the Congressional Budget Office, increasing the minimum wage to as little as $10.10 would result in a loss of 500,000 jobs (Page 2). Small and medium size businesses will be forced to lay off employees since they will not be able to afford the new minimum wage increase. Moreover, in accordance with the report of the Office of the Controller from San Francisco â€Å"Increasing the Minimum Wage: Economic Impact Report†, a $15 increase would reduce the city’s overall employment in the private sector by 15,270 (Page 19). These instant and drastic decreases in employment will increase consumer pricing temporarily disrupting the consumer freedom principle in which our economy is founded on. And although low-income workers will temporarily see an increase in wages, their earned income will be affected by the decrease of hours and decrease of employment as explai ned by a study from the Federal ReserveShow MoreRelatedMinimum Wage And Higher Income Essay849 Words   |  4 Pagesraise the minimum wage to either $9.00, $10.10, or $15.00 per hour. As you can see in Table 2, the minimum wage has varied over the years, but the options presented are set to increase the wage to above what is considered the poverty line. Many minimum wage workers are in favor of the wage increase, to raise it to a more â€Å"livable† wage. Yet, they may not know what the wage increase will entail for the economy, such as, an increased unemployment rate. The increase is supposed to raise the minimum wageRead MoreThe Effects Of Minimum Wage Increase On The Household And Industry942 Words   |  4 Pagesis the effects of a minimum wage increase on the household and industry?Minimum wage in the state of Illinois is only $8.25,but in most jobs $7.25. Most States give higher than $7.25 like Washington D.C. Some minimum wages can be lower like Georgia.Family employ ment and family income does have a effects on low-wage workers.Most family receive higher pay,that would increase their family s income. Workers that don t have a job would fall substantially and the share of low-wage wokers.Employed wouldRead MoreThe Economic Impact of Raising the Minimum Wage1474 Words   |  6 Pageswith it a national minimum wage. 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The Government should consider the effects on the American economy asRead MoreFederal Minimum Wage Should Not Be Increased1005 Words   |  5 PagesAct (FL SA), Federal minimum wage first went active October of 1938 starting at 25 cents an hour. According to The Bureau of Labor Statistics the minimum wage was not consistent until the start of 1978 and has increased 22 times since then to keep up with the rise on the prices of goods and services. The stretched period of times that minimum wage increased as well as inflation, the purchasing power of the minimum wage has decreased significantly during the time. The minimum wage is not cataloged toRead MoreMinimum Wage Is A Bad Idea890 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Raising the Minimum Wage is a bad idea† I. Over the past few years the Minimum Wage has become a controversial topic to people and politicians. As we all know people everywhere are talking about that we need to increase the minimum wage again. Some people don’t realize that increasing the minimum would have principal’s effects on low-wage workers. For instance, most low-wage workers would receive a higher pay that would increase their family income. Yet, some jobs for low-wage workers would probablyRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Increased1057 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 101 16 November 2015 Minimum Wage Should Be Increased Congress enacted the federal minimum wage in 1938, during the Great Depression. Congress had two goals; keeping workers away from poverty and boosting consumer spending for economic recovery. Today, there is a debate, whether we should increase the minimum wage again. Increasing the minimum wage is useful for several reasons. First, the current minimum wage has failed to keep up with inflation. Second, a higher income level reduces employeeRead MoreEssay on The Minimum Wage Should Be Increased1048 Words   |  5 Pagesfederal minimum wage in 1938, during the Great Depression. Congress had two goals; keeping workers away from poverty and boosting consumer spending for economic recovery. Today, there is a debate, whether we should increase the minimum wage again. Increasing the minimum wage is useful for several reasons. First, the current minimum wage has failed to keep up with inflation. Second, a higher income level reduces employee turnover and increases efficiency and ultimate ly, raising the minimum wage doesRead MoreThe Benefits of Raising the Federal Minimum Wage1334 Words   |  6 Pagesparent of two, you work 40 hours a week plus occasional overtime at a minimum wage paying job, you struggle to put food on the table to feed your family, and then you receive a call from the bank saying that your home is being foreclosed. This is the situation faced by thousands of Americans every year due to low income and wealth inequality. The federal minimum wage (FMW) as of April 2014 is $7.25, which is not enough to keep a family of two above the poverty line. There are certain questions on thisRead MoreThe Case For A Higher Minimum Wage1659 Words   |  7 PagesHigher Minimum Wage In 1938, the Federal Government established a minimum wage through the Fair Labor Standards Act, during the Great Depression. Its stated purpose was to keep American workers out of poverty and increase consumer purchasing power to help stimulate the economy. President Franklin Roosevelt, understood that the minimum wage should be a living wage, he stated â€Å"by living wages, I mean more than a bare subsistence level — I mean the wages of a decent living.† Today, the Minimum wage is critical

Sexual Harrasment Essays - 639 Words

Sexual Harrasment The issue that I have chosen to research for the policy and procedures team is sexual harassment in the workplace. The present policy contained in the associate handbook states the following: Sexual harassment can take many forms. It includes unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other visual, verbal, or physical conduct of a sexual nature when a person’s employment with Sears depends on submission to the conduct; submission to or rejection of the conduct affects employment decisions concerning the person; or such conduct unreasonably interface with a person’s work performance or create an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment. Any violation of this policy will result in†¦show more content†¦The second way states Title VII says employers cannot discriminate with respect to the â€Å"conditions† of employment. The company’s definition of sexual harassment is similar to the one that I found in my research on this issue. The area that our company may want to look into is how an associate can prevent sexual harassment. Some of the key points are: how you dress, don’t do social service tasks, and avoid â€Å"courtship behavior.† The area of dressing to go to work may cause sexual harassment if the associate does not watch what they are wearing, associates should dress appropriately for the office. The next area is concerned with social service tasks such as getting the person lunch or any non work related activity. This will cause â€Å"you owe me on† and may lead to other things. The last area pertains to avoiding â€Å"courtship behavior,† which is non verbal communication. People may take this the wrong way and the results can lead to comments or actions that would interrupt the work place. These points can be related back to the associate during the focus meeting. The last area the policy and procedures team can look at is how the management can improve the way they handle sexual harassment in the work place. Luckily, this company hasn’t had to make many reports. Some points to cover are: to keep work quality high, get respect for the associate and keep a diary of sexual harassment reports. Keeping the workShow MoreRelated Sexual Harrasment in the Workplace Essay793 Words   |  4 PagesSexual Harrasment in the Workplace Sexual Harassment in the workplace is something so common, but ironically pushed aside which results in serious legal matter. What is sexual harassment? Sexual harassment is a form of discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It also takes the form of unsolicited sexual advances, requests for sexual favors and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. 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Home Depot case study Essay - 750 Words

Home Depot’s Bumpy Road to Equality Internet/Case Study Assignment: 1. If Home Depot was correct in that it was not discriminating, but simply filling positions consistent with those who applied for them (and very few women were applying for customer service positions), given your reading of this chapter, was the firm guilty of discrimination? If so, under what theory? Yes, Home Depot was accountable of discrimination towards women due to their standards of hiring by reinforcing gender stereotyping; causing them to be guilty of disparate treatment. The disparate treatment in this case was due to women being treated differently in comparison to their male co-workers in regards to promotions, pay, and hiring. Female applicants†¦show more content†¦The Job Preference Program has helped the company eliminate discrimination and other barriers within the recruitment process. Since its roll-out in 1999, the program has reduced employee turnover and in a single year, female and minorities have attained management positions increased by 28 to 30 percent from earlier periods. This system has also shown to be a huge success among managers as they feel they are now able to prescreen adequately qualified applicants. Technology can also be used to address diversity/EEO/affirmative action issues by having a systematic process in place which can help with gathering, analyzing and documenting information about particular jobs, and personnel information including but not limiting to disciplinary actions as well as promotional considerations. For example, a systematic analysis can specify each workers job description entailing their salary base range, this way employees don’t feel underpaid but satisfactorily compensated amongst their peers performing their same duties. 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Effects of Victimization and Violence †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Effects of Victimization and Violence. Answer: Introduction LGBT or the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community has turned out to be an accepted designation for those minorities, which are based on gender as well as sexual orientation. It is unfortunate to note that almost each of the subgroup of the LGBT community is subjected to varied gender related prejudices, which are deeply rooted in the beliefs as well as traditions regarding sex and gender. It has been a steady topic for over year in both developing and developed countries that to which extent LGBT people are suffering from socio-economic as well as cultural injustice. It has been understood lately that due to lack of social recognition and cultural injustice, most of the members of the LGBT community could not easily access the rights, which they deserve on the ground of humanity. Therefore, it can be said that a particular section of the society is lacking basic privileges, social recognition due to their unusual sexual, and gender orientation. One of the issues faced by m embers of LGBT community at the early age in academic institutions as school, is homophobic and transphobic bullying (Bailey 2014). The statistical evidences are indicative of the fact that more than 55% of the LGBT people in Britain encounter homophobic as well as transphobic bullying in secondary schools (stonewall.org.uk 2017). Considering this aforementioned condition in most of the Britain schools, the aim of the present project research is to identify and discuss whether academic institutions as school should be called safe place for the LGBT people or not. The focus of the present paper would be to identify and elaborate the kinds of bullying and ill-treatment experienced by the LGBT people in Britain schools. At the same time, the reasons for such inappropriate behavior would be identified and analyzed too. In order to accomplish the aforementioned aim and objective of the present project research, an in depth analysis of theoretical concepts of intersectionality and social exclusion would be discussed. Further, eight photographs would be taken from a school of Britain, named Pates Grammar school would b e analyzed in order to have a transparent understanding about how homophobic issues are being dealt. Prior to analyze the aforementioned objective of the present project research paper, it is essential to elaborate critically the choices of methods adopted for accomplishing the fundamental goal of the assignment. It is initially essential to mention that the particular space, which has been chosen for the discourse is the LGBT safe place. The concentration is upon the current condition that is the homophobic as well as transphobic bullying faced by the LGBT students in Britain schools. The aforementioned space has been selected based on the reason that the number of homophobic and transphobic bullying in secondary schools of Britain is increasing. It has been identified and proved from statistical evident that more than 80% of the teachers of the secondary schools do not have any particular professional training in handling issues of homophobic bullying with LGBT students (natcen.ac.uk 2017). Therefore, it can be said that the selection of the space is justified. On the other hand, it should be also mentioned that the topic is relevant enough in the contemporary scenario as cases of homophobic bullying have increased in the last couple of months (Bouris ewt al. 2016). In order to achieve realistic evidence regarding the topic, more than eight photos of the school have been taken. In case of taking photos of the school, the students and some of the teachers, consents have been taken from the school authority and from the teachers. Each of the photographs has been taken in daylight and they included both the teachers and the students. Instead of knowing, the fact that pictures of verbal bullying on the LGBT students would not be easy to get. Therefore, it has been unfortunate for research project that none of the pictures clearly shows that the bullying behavior of the students or the effect of homophobic bullying upon other students. However, the photographs have been helpful enough in understanding that sexual discrimination often take place in the school. The photographs have also indicated the fact that most of the teachers are reluctant about the fact that discrimination based on sexual orientation is taking place in the school. However, in order to make sure that the entire project research has been done in an ethical manner, consents from the selected school authority and the teachers have been taken. Nevertheless, it is essential to mention here that the actual purpose of the project research has not been disclosed as it might have aggravated them. It has been done based on the reason that the purpose of taking photographs of them has not been harmful for their activity. However, it has been informed to the school authority that the photographs are being taken due to an educational purpose. It is to mention in this respect that the photos have helped in acquiring a concise view about the discrimination-taking place in the educational institutions and the impact of such behaviors on others. Nonetheless, it is essential to note down in this context that initially the school authority as well as the teachers of the considered school has been skeptical about the idea of taking photographs. Initially, they hav e not agreed with the idea of taking photographs for the purpose of education and thereafter they show their ignorance though at last they agreed upon to give permission for taking minimum photographs. After getting disapproval at the initial phase, the idea to take photographs while a teacher is taking a class, has been dismissed. Nevertheless, the school authority finally approved of the request when they heard that the idea has been changed into the plan to take pictures of only the students and the teachers. However, keeping in mind about such unfortunate outcome, two other relevant pictures of homophobic bullying have been considered. It is essential to first understand the idea of safe space for the LGBT people. Fundamentally, safe space refers to a small group of individuals who have special kind of need. It can be also said that safe space is an autonomous place where marginalized people feel free to talk about their marginalization. Most of the time University campuses are considered to be the safe space, for the marginalized people like the LGBT community people (Halberstam 2005). It is the responsibility of the academic institutions and its authorities to create a tolerant as well as inclusive environment, where the LGBT people can safely and independently participate in Union activities. For example, the Sussex University is holding a great example of having policy against anti-LGBT activities. According to Doan (2010), the percentage of homophobic bullying is increasing among the pupils in schools, which is highly making negative influence on the performance of the students as well as on their cognitive development. According to the school report of Stonewall, near about 55% of the lesbian, bisexual and gay young students have been highly experiencing homophobic bullying and homophobic language on a daily basis (Doderer 2011). It is unfortunate to denote in this context that more than 61% of the lesbian, gay and bisexual people feel that their children would be bullied in the public space as well as in the educational institutions (Formby 2015). Not only in the elementary level but also in the secondary schools, children of gay, lesbian or bisexual parents. Moreover, seven in ten or more than 70% of the gay, bisexual or lesbian parents have said that they expect that they would face barrier in the education system, only because of their sexual orientation. Most significant ly, the problem arises when members of the LGBT community would apply for the position of school governor. It is to mention in this respect that among those schools, which have LGBT issues, some of the frequently used homophobic words are found to be poof, lezza, thats so gay and youre so gay (stonewall.org.uk 2017). As per Gorman-Murray (2011), there is the essential need for implementing teachers training specifically in both elementary and secondary schools, only for tackling biphobic, homophobic and transphobic threats and bullying. There is the necessary need for such teachers training as several times it has been found out that LGBT teachers themselves encounter homophobic bullies and ill treatment from school authority and students. Most of the photographs taken from the considered school given at the end of the present assignment are apparently indicative of the fact that students are apparently sharing their space with each other and having fun with each other (Valentine 1993). However, the last two considered photographs are indicative of the possible impact that a LGBT student can have after got bullied from other students. In this context, the fundamental responsibility of the concept of intersectionality should be considered. In terms of having an inclusive environment to keep a safe space for the LGBT people, it is essential that all academic institutions should not discriminate LGBT students by keeping different toilet for them. It provides huge embarrassment to the students belonging to the LGBT community and they feel a sense of marginalization, which decreases their sense of self-empowerment. It has been found out that the considered school has a discriminated toilet for the LGBT community people, which mean that the school may not exclude its LGBT students but to some extent discriminate them. Considering the verbal harassment and bullying of LGBT students in public spaces like schools, it is essential here to mention that school authorities of most of the British schools should work on intersectional projects for identifying and thereafter stopping homophobic and transphobic harassment. From the last photograph presented at the last section of the present paper, it can be said that homophobic or transphobic bullies highly hinder the cognitive development of the LGBT individuals (Ruddick 1996). As per McDowell and Court (1994), bullies highly prevent the essential cognitive development of the LGBT individuals and consequently they lose the confidence on their rights and exclude themselves from any kind of social gathering. As evident from the last photograph, bullying against LGBT individuals in schools make LGBT individuals depressed, isolated and most importantly vulnerable for more harassment. As stated by Gorman-Murray (2011), the most of the schools are taking homophobic and transphobic bullying seriously and take prompt measures in order to make schools the safer place for the LGBT community. On the other hand, as argued by Halberstam (2005), in Britain, most of the school authorities do not take the problem of LGBT bullying seriously and it is only degrading the standard of living of the LGBT people. Therefore, it can be argued that public schools are no longer can be called safe space for the students of the LGBT community and their children. However, there has been found some positive signs from the year 2007 as the statistical data show that reports of transphobic as well as homophobic harassment and bullying are less. It is unfortunate to mention that the survey conducted in the year 2007 ha s also indicated that the homophobic comments, language and the style of discriminating the LGBTs have not changed at all (bbc.co.uk 2017). This particular result is proof of the fact that the hostile atmosphere against the LGBT individuals in schools and other academic institutions have not changed completely. However, considering the taken photographs from the considered school, it can be also anticipated that possibly the anti-bullying measurements have been considered by the school properly. Such opinion is based on the facts that most of the pictures represent happiness among the students and their teachers. Therefore, it may not be completely an inappropriate statement to call the considered school a homophobic bullies-free space for the LGBT students. Nevertheless, such assumptions do not share a strong ground as pictures do not always reveal the hidden truth. According to the LGBT youth Scotland, the main problem in getting proper responses from the harassed students and members of the community of LGBT is, in most of the time the LGBT students are confident enough about reporting against those who bully them to the school authority (bbc.com 2017). It is therefore, understandable that the fundamental social norms about gender roles and sex orientation are responsible for preventing LGBT communities to grow confidence and self-respect. It is to note down in this respect that according to the LGBT youth Scotland, rather than their LGB peers, most of the LGBT students face higher level of both verbal and physical bullying. Most significantly, the LGBT youth Scotland has also indicated that in terms of bitter consequence, most of the LGBT students leave schools and education early and lives for an uncertain life where successful earning turns out to be the most difficult part of life (theguardian.com 2017). In this respect, the fundamental idea of the post-modern theory of performativity should be considered. The aforementioned theoretical concept entirely deconstructs the predominant idea of gender as a natural aspect. According to the basic concept of performativity, the predominant percept of gender is a creation by the regulated practices and norms designed by the society (Ruddick 1996). Based on Judith Butler, gender is an outcome of the social norms regarding sexual orientation and the decision regarding a particular gender is determined solely by their sexual habit (Rose 2015). Moreover, according to Judith Butler, the repetitive performance of the society that thickens over the years for producing appearance of substance of the natural aspects, determine the sole concepts of gender and sexuality (Butler 2016). Henceforth, it is understandable that the prime reason for the students bullying against their LGBT classmates is their socio-cultural background and upbringings. It can b e also commented that the schools have become no longer a safe space for the LGBT students and the hostile behavior of the students should be considered as mere reflection of the society they live in (Formby 2015). Thus, it should considered first in order to stop homophobic bullying in schools that a space can be restrictive, liberatory or completely prohibitive, which force the people to act in a particular way towards particular genders. Most significantly, not only for the LGBT students but for the LGBT peers too, school authorities need to adopt strict measures. It is fortunate to denote that within few years, the first school only for the gay, bisexual, transgender and lesbian people may open in Manchester (natcen.ac.uk 2017). It has been decided that the school would particularly offer help to the LGBT students who have faced homophobic bullying in schools. The aim of the school would be to give a proper safe space for learning for the LGBT students. If the photographs presented in the present assignment is indicative of the fact that the school has well implemented policies for prohibiting homophobic bullying in their premise, and then it would be an exceptional evidence for the argument that says that most of public schools in Britain is dealing with LGBT bullying issues. On the other hand, if the pictures do not reveal the actual condition of the LGBT students in the school then, it is to suggest that they sho uld adopt anti-bullying strategies as soon as possible. Conclusion From the above analytical discourse, it can be deduced that in Britain the schools are not safe space for the members and the children of LGBT community. It is evident from the above paper and its find outs that more than 55% of the people belonging to the LGBT community are facing homophobic bullying in schools of Britain. Moreover, the paper has also mentioned that most of the time LGBT students miss important classes because of the fear of getting bullied in the classroom. It has been understood from the above paper that most of present teachers of the public schools do not have any professional trainings in case of preventing any kind of bullying against the LGBT students in the classroom. However, as it has been established by the paper that academic institutions as public schools have not been found to be safe space for the LGBT people and their children. The cause mentioned by the study implicates that the conventional social norms regarding gender roles and sexual orientation is the reason for such mishap. References Bailey, M.M., 2014. Engendering space: Ballroom culture and the spatial practice of possibility in Detroit.Gender, Place Culture,21(4), pp.489-507. BBC News. 2017.LGBT bullying at 'high rate' in Scotland's schools - BBC News. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-38007175 [Accessed 6 May 2017]. Bbc.co.uk. 2017.LGBT school: Could it stop the bullying?. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/30849957/lgbt-school-could-it-stop-the-bullying [Accessed 6 May 2017]. Bouris, A., Everett, B.G., Heath, R.D., Elsaesser, C.E. and Neilands, T.B., 2016. Effects of victimization and violence on suicidal ideation and behaviors among sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents.LGBT health,3(2), pp.153-161. Butler, J., 2016. Seminar on Judith Butlers Notes Toward a Performative Theory of Assembly.Filozofija i drutvo,27(1), pp.53-104. Doan, P.L., 2010. The tyranny of gendered spacesreflections from beyond the gender dichotomy.Gender, Place Culture,17(5), pp.635-654. Doderer, Y.P., 2011. LGBTQs in the city, queering urban space.International journal of urban and regional research,35(2), pp.431-436. Formby, E., 2015. Limitations of focussing on homophobic, biphobic and transphobic bullyingto understand and address LGBT young people's experiences within and beyond school.Sex Education,15(6), pp.626-640. Gorman-Murray, A., 2011. This is disco-wonderland!Gender, sexuality and the limits of gay domesticity on The Block.Social Cultural Geography,12(5), pp.435-453. Halberstam, J., 2005.In a queer time and place: Transgender bodies, subcultural lives. NYU Press. McDowell, L. and Court, G., 1994. Missing subjects: Gender, power, and sexuality in merchant banking.Economic Geography,70(3), pp.229-251. Murray, J. 2017.Gay young people still face bullying at school. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/education/2012/jul/02/homophobic-bullying-in-schools [Accessed 6 May 2017]. NATCEN Social Research. 2017.NATCEN Social Research that works for society. [online] Available at: https://natcen.ac.uk/our-research/research/evaluation-of-anti-hbt-bullying-programme/?gclid=Cj0KEQjw6LXIBRCUqIjXmdKBxZUBEiQA_f50PqEJnZjbvM2YLOB8Rt0syVgONbmlJFEySdIVf5fYx3caAtDJ8P8HAQ [Accessed 6 May 2017]. Rose, D., 2015. Gender is not a fact. A critical assessment of of Judith Butler's view. Ruddick, S., 1996. Constructing difference in public spaces: race, class, and gender as interlocking systems.Urban Geography,17(2), pp.132-151. Rumens, N., 2016. Towards queering the business school: A research agenda for advancing lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans perspectives and issues.Gender, Work Organization,23(1), pp.36-51. Stonewall. 2017.Secondary schools. [online] Available at: https://www.stonewall.org.uk/get-involved/education/secondary-schools [Accessed 6 May 2017]. Valentine, G., 1993. Negotiating and managing multiple sexual identities: lesbian time-space strategies.Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, pp.237-248. Yang, H.C., 2014. Flower boys on campus: Performing and practicing masculinity.Journal of Gender Studies,23(4), pp.391-408.